We compared the effects of two diets on glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and other health-related outcomes in overweight or obese adults with type 2 diabetes or prediabetes (HbA1c>6%). We randomized participants to either a medium carbohydrate, low fat, calorie-restricted, carbohydrate counting diet (MCCR) consistent with guidelines from the American Diabetes Association (n = 18) or a very low carbo...

It is generally recognized that nitrogen balance is influenced by the energy content of the diet. Many workers have noted the sparing action of energy-rich foods on protein utilization. Bosshardt & Barnes (1946) showed that protein utilization by growing rats and mice increased with calorie intake when the animals were given isocaloric diets ad lib. Among other reports giving evidence of the pr...

BACKGROUND Eating away from home has increased in prevalence among US adults and now comprises about 50% of food expenditures. Calorie labeling on chain restaurant menus is one specific policy that has been proposed to help consumers make better food choices at restaurants. The present review evaluates the available empirical literature on the effects of calorie information on food choices in r...

Skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity improves with short-term reduction in calorie intake. The goal of this study was to evaluate changes in the abundance and phosphorylation of Akt1 and Akt2 as potential mechanisms for enhanced insulin action after 20 days of moderate calorie restriction [CR; 60% of ad libitum (AL) intake] in rat skeletal muscle. We also assessed changes in the abundance of SH2...

I . The effect of malnutrition early in life on the subsequent learning ability of male rats was studied when they were malnourished and after they had been rehabilitated. The HebbWilliams Test of animal intelligence was used. 2. Animals were malnourished from weaning, from birth, or from conception. 3. The rats used for tests were fed on a ( I ) low-protein, (2) low-calorie, or (3) stock diet....

Since 1996, aging studies using several strains of long-lived mutant mice have been conducted. Among these studies, Ames dwarf mice have been extensively examined to seek clues regarding the role of the growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor-1 axis in the aging process. Interestingly, these projects demonstrate that Ames dwarf mice have physiological characteristics that are similar to those...

BACKGROUND Acute bouts of high-intensity exercise modulate peripheral appetite regulating hormones to transiently suppress hunger. However, the effects of physical activity on central appetite regulation have yet to be fully investigated. OBJECTIVE We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to compare neural responses to visual food stimuli after intense exercise and rest. DESIGN ...

Epithelial ovarian cancer (OVAC) remains a highly lethal malignancy. It is a leading cause of cancer deaths among women in the United States causing more deaths than all other gynecologic malignancies combined. The pathogenesis of OVAC is not completely understood, but the process of repeated ovulation is believed to lead to genetic damage in the ovarian epithelium. As part of a prospective tri...