Pharmacological inhibition of the proximal tubular sodium-glucose linked cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) leads to glycosuria in both diabetic and non-diabetic settings. As a consequence of their ability to modulate tubuloglomerular feedback, SGLT2 inhibitors, like agents that block the renin-angiotensin system, reduce intraglomerular pressure and single nephron GFR, potentially affording renoprotection...

Recently, the idea has been developed to lower blood glucose blood glucose levels in diabetes by inhibiting sugar reabsorption sugar reabsorption in the kidney kidney . The main target is thereby the early proximal tubule proximal tubule where secondary active transport secondary active transport of the sugar is mediated by the sodium-D: -glucose D-glucose cotransporter SGLT2 SGLT2 . A model su...

Sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are well-recognised antidiabetic medications among clinicians due to its highly protective effects on cardiovascular and renal systems diabetic patients. However, one of uncommonly reported side is the development euglycemic ketoacidosis (EuDKA) which characterized by mild hyperglycemia, ketosis acidosis. Chest pain as a clinical present...

The Na-glucose cotransporter SGLT2 mediates high-capacity glucose uptake in the early proximal tubule and SGLT2 inhibitors are developed as new antidiabetic drugs. We used gene-targeted Sglt2 knockout (Sglt2(-/-)) mice to elucidate the contribution of SGLT2 to blood glucose control, glomerular hyperfiltration, kidney growth, and markers of renal growth and injury at 5 wk and 4.5 mo after induct...

PATIENT Male, 57 FINAL DIAGNOSIS: Diabetes mellitus type 2 SYMPTOMS: Weight loss Medication: - Clinical Procedure: - Specialty: Endocrinology and Metabolic. OBJECTIVE Unusual or unexpected effect of treatment. BACKGROUND Studies of the efficacy of the combination of the incretin mimetic liraglutide and the SGLT2 inhibitor canagliflozin or indeed studies of the combination of any incretin mi...

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the leading cause of chronic (CKD) and end-stage (ESKD) in United States worldwide. Alterations glomerular hemodynamics, inflammation, fibrosis are primary mediators tissue damage, although relative contribution these mechanisms likely varies between individuals over course natural history diabetic disease. The presence DKD also strongly associated with cardiova...

Despite the development of several pharmacological agents over the past decade, such as dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists, and sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, the management of hyperglycaemia in patients with type 2 diabetes remains challenging. SGLT2 inhibitors are a new class of glucose-lowering agents that have a u...