The air-dried aerial parts of Lavandula angustifolia Mill, a traditional Uygur herbal drug, is used as resuscitation-inducing therapy to treat neurodisfunctions, such as stroke. This study was designed to assess the neuroprotective effects of lavender oil against ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury in mice. Focal cerebral ischemia was induced by the intraluminal occlusion method with a nylon strin...

Lead poisoning has been extensively studied over the years. Many adverse physiological and behavioral impacts on the human body have been reported due to the entry of this heavy metal. It especially affects the neural development of children. The current study investigates the effect of lead exposure in young (1.5 months) and adult (10 months) male Fisher 344 rats. Five weeks of lead administra...

Platyhelminth parasites are a major health problem in developing countries. In contrast to their mammalian hosts, platyhelminth thiol-disulfide redox homeostasis relies on linked thioredoxin-glutathione systems, which are fully dependent on thioredoxin-glutathione reductase (TGR), a promising drug target. TGR is a homodimeric enzyme comprising a glutaredoxin domain and thioredoxin reductase (TR...

Glutathione oxidants such as tertiary butyl hydroperoxide were shown previously to prevent microtubule assembly and cause breakdown of preassembled cytoplasmic microtubules in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. The objectives of the present study were to determine the temporal relationship between the attachment and ingestion of phagocytic particles and the assembly of microtubules, and simult...

We studied the effects of mexidol (3-oxy-6-methyl-2-ethylpiridine succinate) on antioxidant glutathione system in rat brain mitochondria experimental Parkinson’s disease induced by rotenone administration. Wistar rats were divided into following groups 6 each: I - intact (control); II (3 mg/kg per day) was injected subcutaneously for 2 weeks; III after intoxication, (50 intraperitoneally weeks....

beta-N-oxalyl-amino-L-alanine, (L-BOAA), an excitatory amino acid, acts as an agonist of the AMPA subtype of glutamate receptors. It inhibits mitochondrial complex I in motor cortex and lumbosacral cord of male mice through oxidation of critical thiol groups, and glutaredoxin, a thiol disulfide oxido-reductase, helps maintain integrity of complex I. Since incidence of neurolathyrism is less com...

Lead is a pervasive environmental toxin that affects multiple organ systems, including the nervous, renal, reproductive, and hematological systems. Even though it is probably the most studied toxic metal, some of the symptoms of lead toxicity still cannot be explained by known molecular mechanisms. Therefore, lead-induced oxidative stress has recently started to gain attention. This in vitro st...

The toxicity of four quinones, 2,3-dimethoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (DMONQ), 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone (MNQ), 1,4-naphthoquinone (NQ), and 1,4-benzoquinone (BQ), which redox cycle or arlyate in mammalian cells, was determined in isolated trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) hepatocytes. More than 70% of cells died in 3 h when exposed to BQ or NQ; 50% died in 7 h when exposed to MNQ, with no mortality comp...

Reporter gene transactivation by human p53 is compromised in S. cerevisiae lacking the TRR1 gene encoding thioredoxin reductase. The basis for p53 inhibition was investigated by measuring the redox state of thioredoxin and glutathione in wild-type and Deltatrr1 yeast. The Deltatrr1 mutation affected the redox state of both molecules. About 34% of thioredoxin was in the disulfide form in wild-ty...

Diabetes mellitus leads to thiamine deficiency and multiple organ damage including diabetic neuropathy. This study was designed to examine the effect of benfotiamine, a lipophilic derivative of thiamine, on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced cerebral oxidative stress. Adult male FVB mice were made diabetic with a single injection of STZ (200 mg/kg, i.p.). Fourteen days later, control and diabetic (fa...