1. Changes in species’ abundance and distributions caused by human disturbances can have indirect effects on other species in a community. Although ecosystem approaches to management are becoming increasingly prevalent, they require a fuller understanding of how individual behaviour determines interactions within and between species. 2. Ecological interactions involving krill are of major impor...

Australia has a fossil record of penguins reaching back to the Eocene, yet today is inhabited by just one breeding species, the little penguin Eudyptula minor. The description of recently collected penguin fossils from the re-dated upper Miocene Port Campbell Limestone of Portland (Victoria), in addition to reanalysis of previously described material, has allowed the Cenozoic history of penguin...

Gluonic pole matrix elements explain the appearance of single spin asymmetries (SSA) in high-energy scattering processes. They involve a combination of operators which are odd under time reversal (T-odd). Such matrix elements appear in principle both for parton distribution functions and parton fragmentation functions. We show that for parton fragmentation functions, these gluonic pole matrix e...

We describe the discovery of colorless $C$-odd gluonic compound, odderon, by D0 and TOTEM Collaborations comparing elastic differential cross sections measured in $pp$ $p \bar{p}$ interactions at high energies.

The Dirac structure of confinement is shown to be of timelike-vector nature in the heavy quark limit of QCD. This stands in contradiction with the phenomenological success of the Dirac scalar confining potential. A resolution is achieved through the demonstration that an effective scalar interaction is dynamically generated by nonperturbative mixing between ordinary and hybrid QQ̄ states. The re...

We resolve the B → φK∗ polarization puzzle by postulating a smaller B → K∗ form factor A0 ≈ 0.3 and by adding penguin annihilation and nonfactorizable contributions from the perturbative QCD approach. If this explanation is valid, the penguin-dominated modes governed by the B → K∗ form factors, such as B+ → K∗+K∗0 and B0 → K∗0K̄∗0, should exhibit similar polarization fractions. Our resolution is...