Fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) has been proved to be effective improve the structural strength and ductility for column structures. An experimental study was conducted investigate compressive performance of FRP confined glued-laminated timber (GLT) cross-laminated (CLT) columns. A total 60 specimens two dimensions in height using different types, thickness, laminate types were tested under cycl...

Microglia are considered as the immunocompetent cells of the central nervous system (CNS). Being the first line of defence, they have prominent roles in monitoring the homeostasis and the extracellular milieu and can rapidly and specifically react to any disturbances such as brain trauma, ischemia, neurodegenerative diseases, or infections. Microglia are normally adapted to a resting state, but...

The glutamate transporters GLT-1 and GLAST were studied by immunogold labeling on ultrathin sections of rat brain tissue embedded in acrylic resins at low temperature after freeze substitution. Both proteins were selective markers of astrocytic plasma membranes. GLT-1 was much higher in hippocampal astrocytes than in cerebellar astrocytes. Astroglial membrane GLAST densities ranked as follows: ...

By using the Hamilton–Jacobi [HJ] framework, higher-order Maxwell–Chern–Simons theory is analyzed. The complete set of HJ Hamiltonians and a generalized differential are reported, from which all symmetries identified. In addition, we our study by performing Gitman–Lyakhovich–Tyutin [GLT] framework compare results both formalisms.

Cervical nerve root injury commonly leads to pain. The duration of an applied compression has been shown to contribute to both the onset of persistent pain and also the degree of spinal cellular and molecular responses related to nociception that are produced. This thesis uses a rat model of a transient cervical nerve root compression to study how the duration of an applied compression modulate...

Decreased basal glutamate levels are observed in the rat nucleus accumbens (NA) core following cocaine self-administration. This disruption of glutamate homeostasis arises from a reduction in the export of glutamate via system x(C)(-) and is accompanied by a decrease in expression of xCT, the catalytic subunit of system x(C)(-). A second hallmark of disrupted homeostasis is a decrease in expres...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Release of excitatory amino acids (EAA) is considered a cause of neuronal damage in ischemia. We investigated the sources and mechanisms of EAA release using microdialysis in regions of incomplete ischemia where perfusion was reduced by 50% to 80%, by applying inhibitors of volume-regulated anion channels (VRACs) and the GLT-1 glutamate transporter. METHODS Reversible m...

1. Introduction The question of polysemy and the representation of different lexical word-senses has recently attracted an increased interest in the linguistics and computational linguistics literature. has proposed to enrich the format of lexical representation so that a number of 'novel' word senses can be generated. In this paper, we discuss GLT and show that, while being able to derive nove...

The role of glutamate N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) hypofunction has been extensively studied in schizophrenia; however, less is known about its role in anxiety disorders. Recently, it was demonstrated that astrocytic GLT-1 blockade leads to an anxiety-like phenotype. Although astrocytes are capable of modulating NMDAR activity through glutamate uptake transporters, the relationship bet...