introduction: in 1995, the world health organization (who) estimated that there were 37.1 million blind people worldwide. it has subsequently been reported that 110 million people have severely impaired vision, hence are at great risk of becoming blind. watkins predicted an annual increase of about two million blind worldwide. this study was designed to investigate the causes of blindness and l...

BACKGROUND This paper reports on the aetiology and outcome of childhood open and closed globe eye injuries presenting to the Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia from January 2000 to December 2008. DESIGN Hospital-based retrospective study. PARTICIPANTS Two hundred three cases of childhood eye injuries identified in a nine-year period, comprising 81 open globe and 122 closed g...

During recrystallization, dislocation-poor grains grow and invade the heavily deformed dislocation-rich matrix. In this work, we develop a coupled dislocation density and phase-field method to model the isothermal recrystallization process as a phase transformation, driven by the stored elastic energy. Dislocations are represented in two spatial dimensions in terms of a continuous Burgers vecto...

recurrent dislocation of patella may occur in patients with ligament laxity. method of treatment in this condition is controversial but patellofemoral ligament reconstruction is the most accepted method. we present a patient with rubinstein-taybi syndrome and recurrent patellar dislocation who managed successfully by patellofemoral ligament reconstruction.

To investigate the effect of growth area on interface dislocation density in strained-layer epitaxy, we have fabricated 2-.um-high mesas of varying lateral dimensions and geometry in (001) GaAs substrates with dislocation densities of 1.5 X 10\ 10, and 10 cm-2 • 3500-, 7000-, and 8250-A-thick Ino (J5 Gao 95 As layers, corresponding to 5, to, and 11 times the experimental critical layer thicknes...

BACKGROUND The Oxford Unicompartmental Knee Replacement (OUKR) uses a mobile bearing to minimise wear. Bearing dislocation is a problem in the lateral compartment as the ligaments are loose in flexion. A domed tibial component has been introduced to minimise the risk of dislocation, yet they still occur, particularly medially. The aim of this mechanical study was to compare the domed and flat t...

BACKGROUND Traumatic bilateral hip dislocation is a rare condition. Anterior shoulder dislocation combined with this condition is even a rare occurrence. A 57-year-old man had bilateral asymmetric hip dislocation with a posterior wall fracture of the left acetabulum associated with right shoulder anterior dislocation caused by falling down from a cherry tree. Traumatic hip dislocation and anter...

Dislocation interaction with and accumulation at twin boundaries have been reported to significantly improve the strength and ductility of nanostructured face-centered cubic (fcc) metals and alloys. Here we systematically describe plausible dislocation interactions at twin boundaries. Depending on the characteristics of the dislocations and the driving stress, possible dislocation reactions at ...

We introduce a continuum model to describe the phase separation of a binary alloy in the presence of mobile dislocations. The kinetics of the local composition and dislocation density are coupled through their elastic fields. We show both analytically and numerically that mobile dislocations modify the standard spinodal decomposition process, and lead to several regimes of growth. Depending on ...

Globe luxation is a painful and potentially vision-threatening condition in which the globe becomes trapped behind the eyelids requiring physician intervention in the emergency department or eye clinic. On presentation, the patient typically complains of an inability to close their eye, severe foreign body sensation, decreased vision, and significant eye pain. Although most visual symptoms are ...