Understanding, predicting, and mitigating the impacts of climate change on biodiversity poses one of the most crucial challenges this century. Currently, we know more about how future climates are likely to shift across the globe than about how species will respond to these changes. Two recent studies show how mesocosm experiments can hasten understanding of the ecological consequences of clima...

Climate warming during the course of the twenty-first century is projected to be between 1.0 and 3.7°C depending on future greenhouse gas emissions, based on the ensemble-mean results of state-of-the-art Earth System Models (ESMs). Just how reliable are these projections, given the complexity of the climate system? The early history of climate research provides insight into the understanding an...

The impact of anthropogenic climate change on terrestrial organisms is often predicted to increase with latitude, in parallel with the rate of warming. Yet the biological impact of rising temperatures also depends on the physiological sensitivity of organisms to temperature change. We integrate empirical fitness curves describing the thermal tolerance of terrestrial insects from around the worl...

The paper concerns influences of global warming on a climate change in Georgia and health of the population. In particular, one important parameter of a human thermal comfort a heat index(that represents a combination of the air temperature and relative humidity) has been investigated. The investigation was carried out on the base of real data collected in the Ministry of Preservation of the En...

Research suggests climate change beliefs among science teachers mirror those of the general public, raising questions of whether teachers may be perpetuating polarization of public opinion through their classrooms. We began answering these questions with a survey of middle school science teachers (n = 24) and their students (n = 369) in North Carolina, USA. Similar to previous studies, we found...

Predation affects life history traits of nearly all organisms and the population consequences of predator avoidance are often larger than predation itself. Climate change has been shown to cause phenological changes. These changes are not necessarily similar between species and may cause mismatches between prey and predator. Eurasian sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus, the main predator of passerines,...

Global analyses of surface mean air temperature (T(m)) are key datasets for climate change studies and provide fundamental evidences for global warming. However, the causes of regional contrasts in the warming rate revealed by such datasets, i.e., enhanced warming rates over the northern high latitudes and the "warming hole" over the central U.S., are still under debate. Here we show these regi...

Effects of recent climate change have already been detected in many species, and, in particular, in insects. The present paper reviews the key impacts of global warming on insect development and dispersal. The effects of climate change appear to be much more complex than a simple linear response to an average increase in temperature. They can differ between seasons and bioclimatic regions. Earl...

This chapter reviews the physical and ecological impacts of climate change relevant to marine and inland capture fisheries and aquaculture. It is noted that the oceans are warming but that this warming is not geographically homogeneous. The combined effect of temperature and salinity changes due to climate warming are expected to reduce the density of the surface ocean, increase vertical strati...

On the basis of the latest greenhouse warming experiment performed with the coupled general circulation model ECHAM4/OPYC it is shown that not only the climate mean but also the statistics of higher order statistical moments respond signi cantly to greenhouse warming. In particular the El Ni~ no-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) cycle obtains more energy and a tendency towards stronger cold events ca...