By monitoring the thermally driven displacements of imbedded polystyrene microspheres via video fluorescence microscopy, we quantified the microstructural and micromechanical heterogeneities of wheat gliadin suspensions. We found that the degree of heterogeneity of the suspensions, as measured by the width and skewness of the microspheres' mean squared displacement (MSD) distribution, increased...

BACKGROUND Villus atrophy is the most distinctive sign of untreated coeliac disease (CD) and epithelial apoptosis is considered to be involved in this stage of the coeliac lesion. The extent of villus atrophy is, however, not homogeneous and patients with patchy or mild lesions have been described. AIMS To address: (a) the degree of "patchiness" in untreated CD patients; and (b) to clarify if...

BACKGROUND Non-celiac gluten sensitivity is a syndrome characterized by gastrointestinal and extra-intestinal symptoms occurring in a few hours/days after gluten and/or other wheat protein ingestion and rapidly improving after exclusion of potential dietary triggers. There are no established laboratory markers for non-celiac gluten sensitivity, although a high prevalence of first generation ant...

Celiac disease is a human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DQ2- and/or DQ8-associated T cell-mediated disorder that is induced by dietary gluten. Although it is established how gluten peptides bind HLA-DQ8 and HLA-DQ2, it is unclear how such peptide-HLA complexes are engaged by the T cell receptor (TCR), a recognition event that triggers disease pathology. We show that biased TCR usage (TRBV9(∗)01) unde...

Similar to many complex autoimmune diseases, genetic and environmental factors including diet, infection and xenobiotics play a critical role in the development of autism. In this study, we postulated that infectious agent antigens such as streptokinase, dietary peptides (gliadin and casein) and ethyl mercury (xenobiotic) bind to different lymphocyte receptors and tissue enzyme (DPP IV or CD26)...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Serological screening enables us to detect patients of celiac disease (CD) before they develop serious complications. This study was planned to assess the prevalence of CD in the family members of index cases by serological screening. PATIENTS AND METHODS A prospective study was conducted on 50 children diagnosed to be having CD. Serological screening of the family me...

Gliadin due to its low water solubility is excellently suited make biopolymeric nanoparticles through liquid antisolvent precipitation. These gliadin (GNPs) can be utilized populate and stabilize interfaces. Gliadin, by nature a protein that carries charge, altered deamidation. Deamidation effectively alters the physicochemical properties of decreasing protein’s isoelectric point (IEP). The obj...

THE RELATIVE TOXICITY OF CHLOROFORM GIVEN SUBCUTANEOUSLY TO RATS FED ON TWO DIETS DEFICIENT IN RESPECT TO THEIR NITROGENOUS COMPONENTS, THE SOLE SOURCES OF PROTEIN IN WHICH WERE, RESPECTIVELY, GLIADIN AND GELATIN AND TO RATS WITHOUT FOOD, IS AS FOLLOWS: gelatin diet > fasting > gliadin diet. The rate of regeneration of liver cells after chloroform poisoning in rats fed a diet in which gliadin i...

BACKGROUND Multiple changes in antibodies against various antigens are found in multiple sclerosis (MS). OBJECTIVE We wanted to measure immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibodies to some common food antigens in MS and also IgG against gliadin and gluten. METHODS The IgA antibodies were measured in serum against gluten, gliadin, lactoglobulin, lactalbumin, casein and ovalbumin in patients with MS and...

Coeliac disease is an inflammatory disease of the small intestine caused by ingestion of wheat gluten or related proteins from rye or barley. In the small intestine, ingested gluten is broken down into gliadin peptides which are deamidated by the enzyme tissue transglutaminase (tTg) resulting in the substitution of glutamine amino acid residues with glutamic acid. These modified gliadin peptide...