BACKGROUND Accuracy of consciousness level assessment is very important. It may determine and influence further clinical decisions, thus influences patients' outcomes. The widest method in determining the level of awareness is the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS). Despite its common use, GCS scores obtained by one clinician may differ from others depending on their interpretations and past experience. ...

INTRODUCTION The Full Outline of Unresponsiveness (FOUR) score was developed to compensate for the limitations of Glasgow coma score (GCS) in recent years. This study aimed to assess the predictive value of GCS and FOUR score on the outcome of multiple trauma patients admitted to the emergency department. PATIENTS AND METHODS The present prospective cross-sectional study was conducted on mult...

Materials and methods The purpose of this study was to compare data obtained from a statewide data set for elderly patients (> 65 years) that presented with severe traumatic brain injury with data from nonelderly patients < 65 years) with similar injuries. MATERIAL-METHODS During the last 6 years(2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008) 200 (130 men-65%and 70 women-35%-) patients were examined. 110 of th...

Hyponatremia and hyperglycemia are common metabolic disorders which could worsen the outcome after a cerebrovascular accident (stroke). This study aimed to evaluate impact of hyponatremia on stroke its clinical outcome, including morbidity mortality. prospective cohort included 50 patients admitted in tertiary care hospitals. Stroke severity, Glasgow coma scale (GCS), conscious level, gag refle...

BACKGROUND A 26 year old female suffering from a double fracture of the lower thoracic spine, as a result of a car accident, was referred to the Spine Unit of our Department. No neurological deficit was detected during clinical examination. Due to the fracture's instability, posterior stabilization was performed. CASE PRESENTATION Postoperatively, the patient presented a decrease in Glasgow C...

OBJECTIVES To determine the threshold values of Pediatric Index of Mortality 2 (PIM 2) score, Pediatric Trauma Score (PTS), and Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score for mortality in children after severe head injury and to evaluate changes in outcomes of children after severe head injury on discharge and after 6 months. MATERIAL AND METHODS All children with severe head injury admitted to the Pedia...

PURPOSE To evaluate the clinical effects of magnesium sulfate in the treatment of diffuse axonal injury (DAI). PATIENTS AND METHODS This study was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial conducted in the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou and Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai, two trauma center hospitals. A total of 128 patients suffered from DAI, with ...

Disease-related malnutrition of neurocritical illness harms its treatment, which increases the mortality rate. The aim of this study was evaluating the effect of a high protein diet on the dietary factors, clinical outcome, and mortality rate of neurocritical patients. In a randomized controlled trial, 15 neurocritical patients were recruited in each group. Patients in the intervention and cont...

Disease-related malnutrition of neurocritical illness harms its treatment, which increases the mortality rate. The aim of this study was evaluating the effect of a high protein diet on the dietary factors, clinical outcome, and mortality rate of neurocritical patients. In a randomized controlled trial, 15 neurocritical patients were recruited in each group. Patients in the intervention and cont...

BACKGROUND The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) is popular, simple, and reliable, and provides information about the level of consciousness in trauma patients. However, a systemic evaluation scale specially in patients with multiple trauma is so important. The revised Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation system type 2 (APACHE II) is a physiologically based system including physiological varia...