efl/esl textbooks have been regarded as essential language teaching materials with which the learners spend about 70 up to 90 percent of their class time. the important role they play and their vast use make them not only influential in learning the language but also in shaping values and attitudes. put it another way, textbooks socialize learners using their contents (i.e. texts, illustrations...

Purpose: In this research, we analyzed and compared relative efficiency indicators of Institutional and Participatory Public Libraries that being administered by Iran Public Libraries Foundation (IPLF) with Sensitivity analysis in real boundaries. Methodology: We used descriptive- analytical methodology a long with the purpose of research. Six input and three output indexes are extracted fro...

abstract:‎ literature is said beautiful words of poetry or prose that excites reader’s or listener’s feel. certainly, to ‎be effective, such a text should have certain characteristics. the four elements of the literature: thought, ‎imagination, emotion and style make a text to be literary and effective. emotion and imagination are ‎specific elements of literary texts, while thought and style a...

Population overflow or attraction, metropolis activity around its surrounding, role and performance changes of centers adjacent to metropolis have positive and negative consequences and dealing with them separately is not possible, efficient and equitable. Since administering one city is an attempt to manage a spontaneous phenomenon, emerging cities and their evolution and growth are because of...

Optimization and management of energy in agriculture is one of the main factors to achieve sustainable development. The aim of this research was to evaluate the impact of improving energy use efficiency on CO2 emission reduction in the cucumber-production greenhouses in the central region of Isfahan province. Data were collected on a sample of 81 farmers using two-step clustering and proportion...