Cosmetic expectations have increased with time and current trends speak volumes about gingival esthetics and smile designing. Gingival pigmentation especially on the labial aspect of anterior teeth has become an important component of general esthetics. Various physiologic and pathologic factors cause gingival pigmentation. The existing indices do not deal with the etiology, extent and severity...

The aim of this study was to investigate the role of nickel in orthodontic treatment-induced gingival hyperplasia. The nickel concentration in gingival tissues with and without overgrowth, histopathology of gingival overgrowth, and epithelial cell proliferation response to different nickel concentrations were analysed. Ten patients receiving orthodontic therapy (eight females and two males, mea...

BACKGROUND Immunosuppressant cyclosporine-A induces gingival hyperplasia, which is characterized by increased fibroblast proliferation and overproduction of extracellular matrix components and regulated by transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β). The TGF-β and Sonic hedgehog (Shh) pathways both mediate cell proliferation. Crosstalk between these pathways in cancer has recently been proposed, bu...

Sir, Side-e¡ects of drugs are often thought to be the cause of certain skin manifestations, especially in cases of clear time-relationships. We describe here a patient in whom side-e¡ects of antihypertensive drugs were suspected, but since the speci¢c combination of telangiectasia of the cheeks and gingival hyperplasia had not been described previously some delay occurred before it was clear th...

Juvenile hyaline fibromatosis is a rare disease whose inheritance follows the autosomal recessive pattern. It was first reported in 1873 by Murray (1). The patient usually presents during infancy with slowly growing cutaneous nodules or plaques, gingival hyperplasia, joint contractures and osteolytic bone lesions (1-4). Consanguinity is present in approximately 50% of patients (5). The case of ...

Papillomatosis is a relatively common (22%) benign microscopic lesion in the breast and rarely seen in women less than 30 years old. It is a papillary proliferation of the ductal epithelium which partly fills up smaller ducts and to degree distends them. The histological classification of this entity is controversial because similar or identical lesions have been classified using different term...

Tuberous sclerosis is an autosomal dominant neurocutaneous syndrome, which may involve multiple organ systems and shows highly variable clinical manifestations. Oral manifestations, including lesions on hard tissues, enamel hypoplasia and gingival hyperplasia have been previously described. We report a case of 25-year-old woman with this syndrome presenting multiple fibrous nodules on the bucca...