Alpha-giardins constitute the annexin proteome (group E annexins) in the intestinal protozoan parasite Giardia and, as such, represent the evolutionary oldest eukaryotic annexins. The dominance of alpha-giardins in the cytoskeleton of Giardia with its greatly reduced actin content emphasises the importance of the alpha-giardins for the structural integrity of the parasite, which is particularly...

Galactosamine, a Giardia filamentous cyst wall specific-sugar, is below the limits of detection in non-encysting trophozoites. Radiolabeling studies suggest that Giardia synthesize galactosamine primarily from endogenous glucose rather than salvage it from the environment. Enzymes responsible for galactosamine synthesis from glucose are induced during encystment and have been characterized in c...

The pear-shaped flagellate Giardia duodenalis is a cosmopolitan protozoan parasite of humans. It has a global distribution, and indeed is ranked by Farthing in the top ten of human parasitic diseases (1). Infection with G. duodenalis is normally self-limiting. Human giardiasis can be divided into two disease phases: acute and chronic. The acute phase is usually short-lived, characterised by fla...

Giardiasis is one of the most frequent entero-parasites worldwide; its prevalence is more common in developing countries. Giardia lamblia is considered one of the opportunistic parasites and its clinical manifestations represent the expression of host resistance and parasite virulence. As of chronic giardiasis cases were expected to worsen in immunosuppressed patients with development of variou...

Municipal water disinfection systems in some areas are not always able to meet water consumer needs, such as ensuring distributed water quality, because household water management can be a contributing factor in water re-contamination. This fact is related to the storage options that are common in places where water is scarce or is distributed over limited time periods. The aim of this study is...

The chlorine resistance of cysts of the flagellate protozoan Giardia muris was examined. This organism, which is pathogenic to mice, is being considered as a model for the inactivation of the human pathogen Giardia lamblia. Excystation was used as the criterion for cyst viability. Experiments were performed at pH 5, 7, and 9 at 25 degrees C and pH 7 at 5 degrees C. Survival curves were "steplad...

Giardia duodenalis is a small intestinal protozoan parasite of several terrestrial vertebrates. This work aims to assess the genotypic variability of Giardia duodenalis isolates from cattle, sheep and pigs in the Southeast of Brazil, by comparing the standard characterization between glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh) and triose phosphate isomerase (tpi) primers. Fecal samples from the three groups ...

This study conducted a quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA), incorporating the effect of boiling water, on major sources drinking water for households in Afikpo North LGA, Ebonyi State, Nigeria. Water samples were collected from12 boreholes (n =36), popular spring (n= 36) and four brands sachet 36).The analysed laboratory colonies microorganisms, coliform organisms, E. coli, Salmonella...