Vinasses are a residual liquid generated after the production of beverages, such as mezcal and tequila, from agave (Agave L.), sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) or sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.). These effluents have specific characteristics such as an acidic pH (from 3.9 to 5.1), a high chemical oxygen demand (50,000-95,000 mg L(-1)) and biological oxygen demand content (18,900-78,300 mg L(-...

China has become the world’s second largest greenhouse gas (GHG) emitter behind the United States. It emits approximately three billion tons of CO2 equivalents every year. Its growing economy and large population are making a wealthier, more consumption-oriented country. Energy demand is expected to grow 5–10% per year through 2030. Therefore, a large potential of GHG emission reduction in Chin...

The Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO) is a non-profit association promoting sustainable palm oil through a voluntary certification scheme. Two successive science-based working groups on greenhouse gas (GHG) have been active in RSPO between 2009-2011, with the aim of identifying ways leading to meaningful and verifiable reduction of GHG emissions. One of the outputs is PalmGHG, a GHG cal...

GHG emission reduction is one of the key environmental problems for the sustainable development discussion in the 21st century, because it is closely related to energy use and bulk material flows. Concrete and binding targets for reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions for Annex-1 countries are now agreed to in the Kyoto protocol. Emissions in the European Union will be reduced by 8% in the...

Fossil fuel-firing power plants dominate electric power generation in Taiwan, which are also the major contributor to Green House gases (GHG). CO2 is the most important greenhouse gas that cause global warming. This paper penetrates the relationship between carbon trading for GHG reduction and power generation expansion planning (GEP) problem for the electrical utility. The Particle Swarm Optim...

For a couple of years companies – and especially logistics transportation networks – are compelled by a number of new developments: Next to cost reduction efforts also considering ‘green thinking’ within logistics processes is of higher interest – constituting a critical success factor. Although companies are already legally forced to report sustainable – especially environmental – performance ...

The proper selection of treatment technologies may be an important opportunity for contributing to the reduction goals of greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions. Based on actual Mexican infrastructure data, the scenarios analyzed in this work show that the emission reduction from sewage treatment in Mexico could be as high as 34% if compared to the baseline scenario, depending on the treatment techno...

Savanna fire is a major source of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. In Australia, savanna fire contributes about 3% of annual GHG emissions reportable to the Kyoto Protocol. In order to reduce GHG emissions from savanna burning, the Australian government has developed and approved a Kyoto compliant savanna controlled burning methodology-the first legal instrument of this kind at a global l...

This paper presents an application of LCA (Life Cycle Assessment) with a view to analyzing the environment aspects of rice straw-based power generation in Malaysia. It also compares rice straw-based power generation with that of coal and natural gas. GHG (Greenhouse gas) emission savings were calculated. It finds that rice straw power generation can save GHG (greenhouse gas) emissions of about ...

The excessive amount of Green House Gas (GHG) emissions in the recent years has caused a major global warming problem. Although historically GHGs have been a natural source of warming in the atmosphere, yet in the past two decade or so, their adversarial effects have been more sensed and reported. Among the sources of these emissions, transportation is responsible for more than 50% of these rel...