BACKGROUND It is crucial to identify in large population samples the most important determinants of excessive fetal growth. The aim of the study was to evaluate the independent role of pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), gestational weight gain and gestational diabetes on the risk of macrosomia. METHODS A prospective study collected data on mode of delivery and maternal/neonatal outcomes in ...

BACKGROUND Preeclampsia is associated with low birth weight, both because of increased risks of preterm and of small-for-gestational-age (SGA) births. Low birth weight is associated with accelerated childhood height gain and cardiovascular diseases later in life. The aim was to investigate if prenatal exposure to preeclampsia is associated with accelerated childhood height gain, also after adju...

Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) is a persistent environmental contaminant found in the tissues of humans and wildlife. It has been reported that gestational exposure to PFOS causes neonatal death of rats. However, the mechanism is still unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of gestational PFOS exposure on the gene expression profiling of fetal rat lung at pseudoglandular stage. A...

Ethanol exposure during pregnancy elicits profound detrimental developmental and behavioral effects such as reduced levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in the fetus. However, few reports have addressed its impact on postpartum dams. This study was designed to examine the influence of gestational ethanol exposure on postpartum maternal organ oxidative damage and IGF-1 level. Pregnant ...

The developmental origins of disease or fetal programming model predict that early exposures to threat or adverse conditions have lifelong consequences that result in harmful outcomes for health. The maternal endocrine 'fight or flight' system is a source of programming information for the human fetus to detect threats and adjust their developmental trajectory for survival. Fetal exposures to i...

Hypertension is the most common medical problem encountered during pregnancy, complicating 2-3% of pregnancies. High blood pressure (BP) with diastolic BP ≥ 90 mm Hg and/or systolic BP ≥ 140 mm Hg arising after week 22 of pregnancy and resolving after delivery is defined as gestational hypertension (GHY). The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate whether occupational and/or envir...

The aim of this analysis was to examine the effect of environmental tobacco smoke exposure on the risk of small-for-gestational-age (SGA) birth. The study population included 2,283 nonsmokers from a nested cohort study undertaken in southern Connecticut from 1988 to 1992. The duration and intensity of exposures incurred at multiple locations during the third trimester of pregnancy were measured...

Puroose: The present study investigated whether flupirtine, a nonopioid analgesic agent with some NMDA antagonistic properties in viva and in vitro, protects from ischaemic retinal injury. Methods and Results: Retinal ischaemia was induced either by transient occlusion of both common carotid arteries in the rat or by a “suction cup procedure” which raises the intraocular pressure in the rabbit....

BACKGROUND Moderate prenatal alcohol exposure can cause impairments even in the absence of gross morphological defects associated with fetal alcohol syndrome. The basal ganglia, which include the dopamine-rich striatum, are sensitive to fetal alcohol-induced injury. In this study, we manipulated the timing of moderate-level alcohol exposure and compared the risk of adverse effects on striatal d...

BACKGROUND Patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) or Crohn's disease (CD) being treated with natalizumab (Tysabri®, Biogen) who are planning to become pregnant or discover they are pregnant after exposure to natalizumab are currently advised to balance the potential benefits and potential risks of exposure when considering treatment options. This study was undertaken to evaluate pregnancy outcom...