Introduction One active area of artificial Intelligence research is the Inquiry Into the nature of human cognition. One aspect of this Investigation is the attempt to embody theories of cognition In the form of programs which simulate both general characteristics and specific Instances of observed cognitive behavior. This paper Is a report of one such effort In this area of artificial intellige...

For Naranjo, awareness is "the ultimate treasure"; it lies at the very foundation of the transpersonal and flows through all Buddhist and Sufi philosophy and practice. In exploring the meaning of awareness in each of these practices, the author recognizes the temptation "to value the manifestation above the awareness”. But he sees a shift in understanding toward the true nature of awareness and...

The contexts in cognition and behavioral situation are required for the establishment of the synthetic logic. In this paper, we show that the hippocampus represents the contextual information as spatio-temporal pattern of neural activities generated by synchronization. The information structure in the brain to enable the operation of synthetic logic is elucidated based on the concept of Gestalt...

Much of one’s knowledge of a task domain is in the form of simple facts and procedures. While these facts and procedures may vary from domain to domain, there is often substantial &nilarity in the “abstract structure” of the knowledge. For example, the notion of a hierarchy is ‘found in biological taxonomy, the geological classification of time, and the organization chart of a corporation. One ...

F on individual outsourcing decisions in IT research has often yielded contradictory findings and recommendations. To address these contradictions, we investigate a holistic, configurational approach with the prevailing universalistic or contingency perspectives in exploring the effects of IT outsourcing strategies on outsourcing success. Based on residual rights theory, we begin by identifying...

Representationalism is the position that the phenomenal character of an experience is either identical with, or supervenes on, the content of that experience. Many representationalists hold that the relevant content of experience is nonconceptual. I propose a counter-example to this form of representationalism that arises from the phenomenon of Gestalt switching, which occurs when viewing ambig...

Whether perceptual organization favors the simplest or most likely interpretation of a distal stimulus has long been debated. An unbridgeable gulf has seemed to separate these, the Gestalt and Helmholtzian viewpoints. But in recent decades, the proposal that likelihood and simplicity are two sides of the same coin has been gaining ground, to the extent that their equivalence is now widely assum...

Planning problems have been extensively studied with regard to graph theoretical properties such as the number of steps necessary to reach a specific goal state or the size of the problem space. These structural properties, however, do not completely characterize a problem. In the presented eye-tracking study we also investigated the influence of perceptual factors on the solution to a planning...

In standard differential geometry, the Fundamental Theorem of Space Curves states the that two differential invariants of a curve, namely curvature and torsion, determine its geometry, or equivalently, the isometry class of the curve up to rigid motions in the Euclidean three-dimensional space. Consider a physical model of a space curve made from a sufficiently thin, yet visible rigid wire, and...

We propose a new measure of perceptual saliency and quantitatively compare its ability to detect natural shapes in cluttered backgrounds to ve previously proposed measures. As deened in the new measure, the saliency of an edge is the fraction of closed random walks which contain that edge. The transition-probability matrix deening the random walk between edges is based on a distribution of natu...