Theoretical models have long shown that spillovers from knowledge investments are of great economic importance to sustained economic growth and innovation and that these spillovers may be facilitated by physical and technological proximity. However, such localized spillovers have not been identified using data from developing countries. In this paper, we use a general measure of knowledge and a...

This paper is motivated by the observation that current research in ad hoc networks mostly assumes a physically flat network architecture with the nodes having homogeneous characteristics, roles, and networkingand processingcapabilities (e.g., network resources, computing power, and transmission power). In real-world ad hoc networks however, node heterogeneity is inherent. New mechanisms at the...

It is a well-established result that the marginal probability of a social tie between two persons declines with geographical distance for a wide range of social relations (see, e.g., Bossard, 1932; Zipf, 1949; Festinger et al., 1950; Hägerstrand, 1967; Freeman et al., 1988; Latané et al., 1995; McPherson et al., 2001). While often regarded as a mere curiosity, others have argued that this relat...

This paper identifies the main sources of urban increasing returns, after Marshall. The geographical distance across which externalities flow is also examined. We bring to bear on these questions plant-level data organized in the form of a panel across the years 1989 and 1999. Plant-level production functions are estimated across the Canadian manufacturing sector as a whole and for five broad i...

The paper tests for the backward linkage hypothesis of multinational firms in developing host economies. The empirical case is the Polish food industry expected to be a highly relevant European case as the largest magnet of ‘developing-oriented’ FDI over the last decade. Combining the case study, descriptive and econometric evidence suggests that backward linkage creation has failed in terms of...

The AgentScape middleware is designed to support deployment of agent-based applications on Internet-scale distributed systems. With the design of AgentScape, three dimensions of scalability are considered: size of distributed system, geographical distance between resources, and number of administrative domains. This paper reports on the AgentScape design requirements and decisions, its architec...

Department of Ecology and Environment Conservation, Omsk State Pedagogical University, Tukhachevskogo emb. 14, 644099 Omsk, Russia, Laboratory of Arthropod-Borne Viral Infections, Omsk Research Institute of Natural Foci Infections, Mira str. 7, 644080 Omsk, Russia, Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede-Boqe...

Information and communication technology (ICT) has altered previous notions of distance and led to discussions in the popular press of the “death of distance.” Geographic distance typically results in diminished trade flows between countries, but does ICT play a role in overcoming geographic distance? This article examines the key hypothesis that ICT reduces the cost associated with the conduct...

Offshore outsourcing software development is increasingly used by software industry. An outsourced software development project is geographically distributed software development. Compared with traditional ways of software development (in-house), the geographically distributed software development is more risky making the actual attainment of the expected results uncertain. Although the failure...

Polish historical and present populations of Carex repens (= C. posnaniensis) were compared with southern European populations of this plant on the basis of their nuclear ITS and chloroplast IGS DNA sequences. It follows from the analysis of the available data that (1) there are no differences in ITS1 and ITS2 sequences between the present populations occurring nearby the Jajtawy population (Po...