This article reviews animal models currently used for investigation of ascending genital-tract infection in pregnancy. The specific models reviewed are those in the rabbit, monkey, and mouse. These models investigate both the direct effects of bacteria in the setting of ascending infection and the role of cytokines produced by the immune system. For each model, experiments that delineate the pa...

By the expression sex complex is meant the correlation of all the internal secretions with the reproductive functions, e.g., we have long known that there is a physiological connection between the genital organs and the thymus gland. I)r. Blair Bell gives an excellent account of the functions of the various endocritic glands and of the influence of the secretions on one another, on the body met...

PATHOLOGY OF THE MALE GENITAL SYSTEM Objectives:  Describe the penile neoplasm.  Identify the histological features of testicular atrophy associated with infertility cases.  Identify the gross appearance of hydrocele and torsion of testis.  Describe the classification and the histogenesis of Testicular tumors.  Identify the gross and histological features of: Benign prostatic hyperplasia. ...

The genital mechanisms of defense are not well understood and are therefore ignored during therapy. This fact results in a great number of cases of treatment failure. The mucosa is an important protective factor of the genital female system, through self-defense mechanisms, and secretor antibodies (immunoglobulin A). The lymphoid tissue exerts protective anti-inflammatory activity, besides inhi...

Active efflux of antimicrobial substances is likely to be an important bacterial defense against inhibitory host factors inherent to different body sites. Two well-characterized multidrug resistance efflux systems (MtrCDE and FarAB-MtrE) exist in Neisseria gonorrhoeae, a bacterial pathogen of the human genital mucosae. In vitro studies suggest that the MtrCDE and FarAB-MtrE efflux systems prote...

Coexisting bacteria form various microbial communities in human body parts. In these ecosystems they interact in various ways and the properties of the interaction network can be related to the stability and functional diversity of the local bacterial community. In this study, we analyze the interaction network among bacterial OTUs in 11 locations of the human body. These belong to two major gr...

Tuberculous infection of the female genitalia flight occur either as a primary affection of the local site, or as a part of a general infection, the original lesion being in some other organ. Primary genital tuberculosis israre, the commonestcause being secondary infection of the genital tract, either through the blood, lymphatics, or the peritoneum. Hence incidence of genital tuberculosis in t...

BACKGROUND The variety of health problems (patient mix) that medical trainees encounter is presumed to be sufficient to master the required competencies. AIM To describe the patient mix of GP trainees, to study differences in patient mix between first-year and third-year GP trainees, and to investigate differences in exposure to sex-specific diseases between male and female trainees. DESIGN...

BACKGROUND It is not known if fluctuations in genital tract antiretroviral drug concentrations correlate with genital virus shedding in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected women on antiretroviral therapy (ART). METHODS Among 20 HIV-infected women on ART (tenofovir [TFV], emtricitabine [FTC], and ritonavir-boosted atazanavir [ATV]) with suppressed plasma virus loads, blood and cervicov...