In 1993, Cliff Jolly suggested that rather than debating species definitions and classifications, energy would be better spent investigating multidimensional patterns of variation and gene flow among populations. Until now, however, genetic studies of wild primate populations have been limited to very small portions of the genome. Access to complete genome sequences of humans, chimpanzees, maca...

The power divergence family of Cressie and Read (1984) is a highly popular family of density-based divergences which is widely used in robust parametric estimation and multinomial goodness-of-fit testing. This family forms a subclass of the family of φ-divergences (Csiszár, 1963; Pardo, 2006) or disparities (Lindsay, 1994). The more recently described family of density power divergences (Basu e...

Rapidity divergences occur when parton densities in a gauge theory are defined in the most natural way, as expectation values of partonic number operators in light-front quantization. I review these and other related divergences, and show how the definitions of parton densities can be modified to remove the divergences. A modified definition is not only essential for many phenomenological appli...

We study extensions of empirical likelihood where the log likelihood ratio is replaced withgeneral f -divergences (which we call empirical divergences). First, we give a novel, elementaryproof forχd-calibration that does not use duality. We then see how to rigorously prove coveragerates for empirical divergence confidence regions by going beyond the asymptotic expansion for<...

BACKGROUND Because many picoplanktonic eukaryotic species cannot currently be maintained in culture, direct sequencing of PCR-amplified 18S ribosomal gene DNA fragments from filtered sea-water has been successfully used to investigate the astounding diversity of these organisms. The recognition of many novel planktonic organisms is thus based solely on their 18S rDNA sequence. However, a specie...

In many extant animal and plant species in Europe and North America a correlation exists between the geographical location of individuals and the genetic relatedness of the mitochondrial (mt) DNA sequences that they carry. Here, we analyze mtDNA sequences from cave bears, brown bears, cave hyenas, and Neandertals in Europe before the last glacial maximum and fail to detect any phylogeographic p...