Abstract Citrus aurantium amara (sour orange) belongs to one of the largest genera Rutaceae family. The species this genus are consumed worldwide as fresh or in form beverages. They include well-known crops lemons, oranges, mandarins, grapefruits, and limes. industrial processing these fruits produces high amounts waste (around 50%) which is a valuable source essential oils. Since they produced...

A screening procedure was developed for the simultaneous detection of mephedrone, six amphetamine-type stimulants (ATS), ketamine and its two metabolites with electrospray ionization flow injection analysis tandem mass spectrometry (FIA-MS-MS). Urine samples were fortified with deuterated analogues as internal standards, extracted with ethyl acetate and analyzed with FIA-MS-MS. The mass analyze...

Muramic acid (Mur) is present in the cell wall of Eubacteria and serves as a chemical marker for the trace detection of bacteria and bacterial cell wall debris in complex matrices. There have been numerous studies using a variety of derivatives of Mur, particularly in combination with gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS-MS) where the detection limit has been steadily lowered. A s...

Ziziphus mauritiana is an edible fruiting plant commonly found in Asia. In Indonesia, this grows wild and thrives on the islands of Bali, Lombok, Sumbawa. Although it has good potential as food medicinal ingredient, fruits Z. are underutilized have almost no economic value. Information about bioactivity chemical content fruit limited. To evaluate its possibility being developed functional food,...