Dünyanın doğal gaz bakımından dördüncü en zengin ülkesi olan Türkmenistan’ın devlet bütçesinin büyük bir kısmı enerji kaynaklarından karşılanmaktadır. Bu bağlamda ülkenin ihracatının güvenliği ve sürdürülebilirliği önem arz etmektedir. Rusya, İran Çin’e ihraç eden Türkmenistan, bu ülkeler dışında TAPI (Türkmenistan-Afganistan-Pakistan-Hindistan) boru hattı TCP (Trans Hazar Boru Hattı) gibi fark...

All rights reserved. Short sections of text, not to exceed two paragraphs, may be quoted without explicit permission, provided that full acknowledgement is given. Township and Village Enterprises (TVEs) have played a significant role in the growth of the Chinese economy since the economic reforms of 1978. This paper analyses the productive efficiency of a cross section of TVEs in the manufactur...

In a recently completed case-control epidemiological study, the New Jersey Department of Health and Senior Services (NJDHSS) with support from the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) documented an association between prenatal exposure to a specific contaminated community water source and leukaemia in female children. An important and necessary step in the epidemiological st...

In the last decade environmental policies, particularly ecological resettlement, have changed China’s pastoral areas. This paper explores the diffi culty in conserving rangeland through ecological resettlement. The paper focuses on how ecological resettlement policy has been translated into practice, and how the affected people responded with migration decisions. Empirical fi ndings in a pastor...