We discuss invertible and non-invertible topological condensation defects arising from gauging a discrete higher-form symmetry on higher codimensional manifold in spacetime, which we define as gauging. A $q$-form is called $p$-gaugeable if it can be gauged codimension-$p$ spacetime. focus 1-gaugeable 1-form symmetries general 2+1d QFT, gauge them surface The universal fusion rules of the result...

In this paper the SU(2) Skyrme model is reformulated as a gauge theory. It is done following two different approaches: the unfixing Hamiltonian gauge formalism and a new scheme of gauge Lagrangian reformulation. In the former, the reduced Skyrme model is expressed as a gauge theory without Wess-Zumino(WZ) variables. In the later, it is achieved by using the Faddeev-Jackiw Lagrangian method with...

This demo presents a software tool whose aim is to quantify the level of network awareness and friendliness of the currently deployed Internet P2P applications. Considering such systems as black-boxes, we passively measure the traffic they generate and we gather, by means of both passive inference and active-probing techniques, some quantities relevant for their description. Observed metrics in...

Fixed, paraffin-embedded (FPE) tissues are a potentially rich resource for studying the role of NOTCH1 in cancer and other pathologies, but tests that reliably detect activated NOTCH1 (NICD1) in FPE samples have been lacking. Here, we bridge this gap by developing an immunohistochemical (IHC) stain that detects a neoepitope created by the proteolytic cleavage event that activates NOTCH1. Follow...

Over the past decades, it has become abundantly clear that enzymes evolved to detoxify and eliminate foreign chemicals from the body, occasionally generate highly reactive metabolites which have toxicological implications. To decrease the probability of late clinical failure or market withdrawal, there has been an increased prioritization on understanding key metabolic processes that might caus...