From 1995 to 2006, Canadian trade policy purported insulate the health care system from effects of liberalization, largely through reliance upon key general exclusion clauses in NAFTA and GATS other legal strategies. During Conservative years 2006-2015 government de-emphasized these strategies, (more importantly) international agenda increasingly emphasized investment promotion patent protectio...

February 15, 1997, will be remembered as a landmark date in the history of the multilateral trade system. On that day, sixty-nine governments formalized commitments to liberalize their basic telecommunications services under the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS). The resulting Decision on Commitments in Basic Telecommunications has both symbolic and practical meaning. The final act ...

Abstract The creation of the map on-the-fly becomes today an important domain in cartography. Thousands of the users need access to spatial data on the web specific to their needs. This requires generating a map in real time. Different approaches appeared for optimizing the on-the-fly generation maps, but those not suffice for guiding a powerful and efficient process. Thus, a new approach must ...

South Africa adopted the GATS Basic Agreement on Telecommunications and the regulatory principles in 1998. Obligations undertaken by South Africa mirrored the framework for the gradual telecommunications reform process that was begun in 1996. In the light of two threatened actions for anti-competitive practices in violation of the Agreement, this paper reviews the nature of the commitments unde...