I. Classical Logic Gates A. Irreversible Logic (1940-) ---------------------------------------------------p. 2 1. Two-bit NAND gates simulate all Boolean functions 2. Efficiency and the need for minimization techniques. B. Reversible Logic (1970s) ----------------------------------------------------p. 4 1. Minimizing energy-dissipation in a computation 2. Three-bit Toffoli gates simulate all re...

Background and Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate residual dentin thickness of the root and the area of the canal lumen in the coronal region of the mesiobuccal and mesiolingual canals of the lower first molars after canal preparation with the common method of using hand files and Gates Glidden drills or ProTaper rotary files, by Spiral Ct-Scan. Materials and Methods: In this exp...

The novel 2xVDD NOT, NAND, and NOR logic gates have been designed and implemented in a nanoscale CMOS process with only 1xVDD devices. With the proposed dynamic source bias technique, the logic gates can be designed to have 2xVDD tolerant capability. Thus, the new 2xVDD logic gates can be operated under 2xVDD voltage environment without suffering the gate-oxide reliability issue.

today, due to rising passenger expectations and other resource constraints, the airport managers and staff do to develop appropriate programs in order to optimize the allocation of the resources. gates and counters are important resources in airport. in this research problem of gate and counter for arrival flights is considered simultaneously and mathematical model is prepared. the objectives o...

Integration by parts: advanced information processing at the molecular level requires integrated logic gates, which has to date been possible only virtually. Now, two independently working AND molecular logic gates are brought together by "click" chemistry to form integrated logic gates which respond exactly as predicted from such an integration scheme.

In this paper we study universality for quantum gates acting on qudits. Qudits are states in a Hilbert space of dimension d where d can be any integer ≥ 2. We determine which 2-qudit gates V have the properties (i) the collection of all 1-qudit gates together with V produces all n-qudit gates up to arbitrary precision, or (ii) the collection of all 1-qudit gates together with V produces all n-q...

Adders and multipliers are two main units of the computer arithmetic processors and play an important role in reversible computations. The binary multiplier consists of two main parts, the partial products generation circuit (PPGC) and the reversible parallel adders (RPA). This paper introduces a novel reversible 4×4 multiplier circuit that is based on an advanced PPGC with Peres gates only. Ag...

The performance of nanoscale Field Effect Diodes as a function of the spacer length between two gates is investigated. Our numerical results show that the Ion/Ioff ratio which is a significant parameter in digital application can be varied from 101 to 104 for S-FED as the spacer length between two gates increases whereas this ratio is approximately constant for M-FED. The high-frequency perform...

In this paper, we investigate low voltage operation of master-slave flip-flops (MSFFs) for ultra-low power subthreshold CMOS LSI families. Static MSFF, which consists of NAND gates, shows the most stable operation, while dynamic MSFFs are unsuitable for low voltage operation because switching gates fail to operate at low voltage. Low voltage limitation of static MSFF depends on that of CMOS gat...

MOS current mode logic (MCML) is an emerging logic family which is gaining attention due to its high speed of operation, robust performance and presence of mere switching noise as compared to the CMOS logic family. In this paper we have compared universal gates using MCML and conventional CMOS in terms of power and propagation delay at 16-nm Technology node. Comparative analysis shows that MCML...