A National Fuels Surveillance Network has been established to collect gasoline and other fuels through the 10 regional offices of the Environmental Protection Agency. Physical, chemical, and trace element analytical determinations are made on the collected fuel samples to detect components which may present an air pollution hazard or poison exhaust catalytic control devices. A summary of trace ...

The influences of gasoline on the emission of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from gasoline engine are investigated. These fuels included C92-Leadfree Gasoline (C92-LFG), C95-Leadfree Gasoline (C95-LFG), C98-Leadfree Gasoline (C98-LFG), these are Reforming Gasoline, T92-Leadfree Gasoline (T92-LFG), T95-Leadfree Gasoline (T95-LFG), T98-Leadfree Gasoline (T98-LFG), these are total-PAHs co...

In this study, the energy consumption in the food and beverage industries of Iran was investigated. The energy consumption in this sector was modeled using artificial neural network (ANN), response surface methodology (RSM) and genetic algorithm (GA). First, the input data to the model were calculated according to the statistical source, balance-sheets and the method proposed in this paper. It ...

A total of 312 persons aged 10 years and above were interviewed to collect information about their habits of taking tobacco, alcohol and other substances. The study reveals that 40.4% of the respondents used tobacco irrespective of their using pattern, with significant difference between sexes (p< 0.001). Among tobacco users 58.2% were only tobacco chewers. 26.3% were smokers and 15% of them we...

A recent rise in cannabis use in Indigenous communities in northern Australia may have compounded existing patterns of other substance use. This paper describes these patterns in Arnhem Land in the 'Top End' of the Northern Territory (NT). Economic impacts of the cannabis trade are also described. In a descriptive cross-sectional study, random samples included 336 people (169 males, 167 females...

The 1990 Clean Air Act mandated oxygenation of gasoline in regions where carbon monoxide standards were not met. To achieve this standard, methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) was increased to 15% by volume during winter months in many locations. Subsequent to the increase of MTBE in gasoline, commuters reported increases in symptoms such as headache, nausea, and eye, nose, and throat irritation....

Butanol seems to be an eligible fuel for compensating the increasing consumption. Biobutanol could produced from local sources in place of use. Its properties show similar results gasoline, so biobutanol added as a biocomponent into fuels. Important properties, case blending are its fluid and their dependence on temperature. Therefore, this paper, volumetric mass density viscosity selected rati...

The increase in the volume of vehicles resulted a crisis fossil fuels so there is need for alternative to replace gasoline. Butanol and Diethyl Ether (DEE) are that can be added This because Octane Number high O2 levels optimize combustion cylinder torque power save fuel. study compares addition butanol DEE gasoline on torque, power, Brake Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFC). used 160cc engine wit...

In Korea, rice is a major staple grain and it mainly cultivated using various types of agricultural machinery. Air pollutants emitted from machinery have their origins the exhaustion internal combustion engines. this study, emission characteristics five main air by European Environment Agency’s Tier 1 method for cultivation were analyzed. Diesel fuel gasoline generally used only transplanters a...

This overview was developed as part of a symposium on noncancer end points of gasoline and key gasoline components. The specific components included are methyl tertiary butyl ether, ethyl tertiary butyl ether, tertiary amyl methyl ether, butadiene, benzene, xylene, toluene, methyl alcohol, and ethyl alcohol. The overview focuses on neurotoxic effects related to chronic low-level exposures. A fe...