An Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) algorithm is proposed for optimal tree-structured natural gas distribution network. Design of pipelines, facilities, and equipment systems are necessary tasks to configure an optimal natural gas network. A mixed integer programming model is formulated to minimize the total cost in the network. The aim is to optimize pipe diameter sizes so that the location-alloc...

In the most application of nozzle with gas-liquid two-phase flow, the quality of mixture in exhaust of nozzle is the most important parameter as well as the flow velocity. On the other hand, in some industrial application, such as water injection in forced induction (turbocharged or supercharged) internal combustion engine the spray quality is the main goal of designing. In this case and for im...

A large number of bubbles generated by the air agitation device in an external melting ice storage system can cause disturbance ice–water mixture, which enhance heat transfer and contribute to reduction energy consumption. The structural design optimization is key issue for savings. In this study, influence different orifice spacings diameters on distribution gas–liquid flow field, gas holdup, ...

The gas–liquid hydrodynamics and mass transfer were studied in a concentric tube internal jet-loop airlift reactor with conical bottom. Comparing standard design, the gas separator was equipped an adjustable deflector placed above riser. effect of riser superficial velocity uSGR on total holdup ?GT, homogenization time tH, overall volumetric liquid-phase coefficient kLa investigated laboratory ...

A model of non-catalytic fast fluidized bed pyrolysis biomass has been developed with the aim investigating relevance secondary heterogeneous reactions between primary products decomposition and char accumulated in bed. The fate extent holdup pyrolyzer have modeled by considering entrainment elutriation particles, attrition, as well drain/regeneration. kinetics pyrolitic is according to a semi-...

The investigational studies of regression dependence the new efficient regular packing bed’s flow friction on gas velocity and liquid spray rate has been carried out. tests were made by procedure a complete two-factor experiment. On account experiment design matrix, there are four to be determine dependence. It is found that builds up along with increase superficial rate. puts in touch procured...

Fluidized bed drying is an unsteady process where particle and gas properties evolve in time. The hydrodynamics its interplay with mass heat transfer changes In this study, experiments a pseudo-2D fluidized setup are performed to obtain insight complex behavior. A coupled image velocimetry infrared thermography technique provides solids velocity temperature fields the bed. Significant hydrodyna...

Sieve trays are widely used in the gas- liquid contactors such as distillation and absorption towers. In this article, a three-dimensional, two phase CFD model using Euler-Euler framework was developed to simulate a distillation tower with two sieve trays. Hydrodynamic simulation of air and water system in different rates of gas phase was carried out and velocity distribution parameters, clear ...

A total of 1118 soldiers who were wounded in war and hospitalized in Tehran, were examined for P .versicolor-a superficial mycotic infection. Of these, 213 were war-wounded, 54 chemical (mustard) gas-wounded, 42 both war and chemical gas-wounded, 105 had infectious and noninfectious diseases, and 704 were apparently healthy soldiers serving in war fronts who were examined for P. versicolor...