We investigated the features of the Moloney murine sarcoma virus leader sequence necessary for RNA packaging function by using a deletion analysis approach. We found that sequences that extend beyond those characterized genetically in previous reports are important for optimal packaging efficiency. A fragment covering a minimum of four potential stem-loop structures is required for the shortest...

Abstract A Au/Ta/Ti metal multilayer was developed to improve the high vacuum packaging process for microdevice fabrication. This study revealed that wafer coated with layer could form direct bonding and absorb residual gas. We investigated effect of Ta thickness on diffusion Ti atoms. The multilayers were successfully bonded after a degassing when barrier is thicker than 1.5 nm. Moreover, film...

Modern electronics products move in the direction of complex, high density, high speed and also thinner and lighter for portability. Reliability of interconnection of electronics packaging has become critical issue. Major functions of electronic packaging are briefly discussed and failure mechanisms of electronic packaging are explained. Electronics packaging is subjected to mechanical vibratio...

Regulation of the terminal stage of viral DNA development, DNA packaging, is poorly understood. A new phage T4 in vitro DNA packaging assay employed purified proheads, terminase (gp17 + gp16), and ATP to encapsidate DNA resistant to nuclease. Mature phage T4 DNA and linearized plasmid DNAs containing or lacking a cloned T4 gene were packaged with high (approximately 10%) efficiency. Supercoiled...

Cellulose acetate (CA) was used for the preparation of food packaging film. Glycerol and n-propanol were introduced, as plasticizer transparent agent, respectively evaluating possible changes film functional properties on tensile strength transparency. The transmittance, haze value, flexibility acquired by using optical mechanical analyses, respectively. presence glycerol improved films increas...