Question-answering (QA) systems aim to provide answers for given questions. The can be extracted or generated from either unstructured structured text. Therefore, QA is considered an important field that used evaluate machine text understanding. Arabic a challenging language many reasons; although it spoken by more than 330 million native speakers, research on this limited. A few created are av...

Patterns are an effective way to express solutions to constantly occurring problems in software engineering. Books like Erich Gamma’s Design Patterns ([Gam94]) or Martin Fowler’s Analysis Pattern ([Fow96]) helped to develop a common understanding of problem solving in this field. The pattern catalog developed by members of the chair Software Engineering for Business Information Systems (sebis) ...

yield gap analysis provides an essential framework to prioritize research and policy efforts aimed at reducing yield constraints. to identify options for increasing chickpea yield, the ssm-chickpea model was parameterized and evaluated to analyze yield potentials, water limited yields and yield gaps for nine regions representing major chickpea-growing areas of razavi khorasan province. the aver...

Landscape scale conservation planning efforts have been in place for the past several decades to maintain biodiversity. Objectives of past efforts have been to identify areas to create reserves based on species diversity, land ownership, and landscape context. Risk analysis has not often been included in these spatial analyses. Datasets such as the Southwest Regional Gap Analysis (SWReGAP) are ...