Galactic cosmic rays represent a directly accessible sample of matter that originates outside the solar system, The elemental and isotopic composition of this sample of high-energy matter contains a record of nucleosynthesis in other regions of the galaxy, and of subsequent nuclear and electromagnetic interactions that have altered its composition. There have recently been significant new advan...

An extensive program for the calculation of galactic cosmic-ray propagation has been developed. Primary and secondary nucleons, primary and secondary electrons, secondary positrons and antiprotons are included. Fragmentation and energy losses are computed using realistic distributions for the interstellar gas and radiation fields. Models with diffusion and convection only do not account natural...

This paper summarizes recent developments in the study of the propagation of ultra-high energy cosmic ray protons or nuclei in the Universe, with emphasis on the consequences of energy losses and on the influence of extra-galactic magnetic fields.

Observational signatures of existence of antimatter objects in the Galaxy are discussed. We focus on point-like sources of gamma radiation, diffuse galactic gamma ray background and anti-nuclei in cosmic rays.

Very high energy (VHE) γ-ray observations have proven to be very successful in localizing Galactic acceleration sites of VHE particles. Observations of shell-type supernova remnants have confirmed that particles are accelerated to VHE energies in supernova blast waves; the interpretation of the γ-ray data in terms of hadronic or leptonic particle components in these objects relies nevertheless ...

We simulate cosmic chemical enrichment with a hydrodynamical model including supernova and hypernova feedback. We find that the majority of stars in present-day massive galaxies formed in much smaller galaxies at high redshifts, despite their late assembly times. The hypernova feedback drives galactic outflows efficiently in low mass galaxies, and these winds eject heavy elements into the inter...

The bulge of our Galaxy is illuminated by the 0.511 MeV gamma-ray line flux from annihilations of nonrelativistic positrons. The emission is strongly concentrated at the Galactic Center (GC), in contrast to gamma-ray maps tracing nucleosynthesis (e.g., the 1.809 MeV line from decaying Al) or cosmic ray processes (e.g., the 1–30 MeV continuum), which reveal a bright disk with a much less promine...

We present the results of simulations of the ultra-high energy cosmic ray (UHECR) propagation in the Galactic magnetic field (GMF). Different assumptions on the large-scale GMF structure and/or primary particle lead to distinctly different deflection patterns of the highest energy cosmic rays (CR). The GMF modifies the exposure of an UHECR experiment to the extragalactic sky. We estimated these...

In this paper we present a new five particle species hybrid model for calculating cosmic ray particle transport and acceleration in a dynamic heliospheric environment. In particular the effects of solar cycle related changes in the solar wind speed on the heliospheric geometry, solar wind flow and cosmic ray distribution are discussed, when a polarecliptic asymmetry at the inner boundary is mod...

Analyses of the X-ray data of the five young shell-type supernova remnants Cas A, Kepler, Tycho, SN 1006, and RCW 86 suggest that some of the X-ray emission of these sources is non-thermal. This non-thermal emission is qualitatively consistent with models of the broad-band (radio-to-X-ray) synchrotron spectra of remnants and does not seem to be consistent with other non-thermal X-ray emission p...