Given a plane graph G, we wish to nd a drawing of G in the plane such that the vertices of G are represented as grid points, and the edges are represented as straight-line segments between their endpoints without any edge-intersection. Such drawings are called planar straight-line drawings of G. An additional objective is to minimize the area of the rectangular grid in which G is drawn. In this...

The current day emphasis is on sustainable agriculture, which uses less of chemical inputs like fertilizers and pesticides having adverse effect soil health, fertility environment. Thus, use microbial inoculants plays an important role in agriculture. AM fungi are known to improve the nutritional status, growth development plants. Asian countries very rich medicinal plant species major exporter...

Four large lysimeters on the San Dimas Experimental Forest, each filled with similar parent material and planted with monocultures of native species in 1946, provide a unique opportunity to quantify short-term effects of plant species on soil properties. The four species under which soils were investigated are scrub oak (Quercus dumosa Nutt.) , chamise (Adenostoma fasciculatum Hook. and Am.), c...