Fuzzy bi-ideals play an important role in the study of ordered semigroupstructures. The purpose of this paper is to initiate and study theintiuitionistic fuzzy bi-ideals in ordered semigroups and investigate thebasic theorem of intuitionistic fuzzy bi-ideals. To provide thecharacterizations of regular ordered semigroups in terms of intuitionisticfuzzy bi-ideals and to discuss the relationships ...

As a generalization of fuzzy sets , Atanassov [14] introduced and studied the concept of intuitionistic fuzzy sets park[11] using the idea of intuitionistic fuzzy sets defined the notion of intuionistic fuzzy metric spaces with the help of continuous t-norm and continuous t co-norm as a generalization of fuzzy metric space due to George & veeramani [6] had showed that every metric induces an in...

‎In this study‎, ‎we investigate topological properties of fuzzy strong‎ b-metric spaces defined in [13]‎. ‎Firstly‎, ‎we prove Baire's theorem for‎ ‎these spaces‎. ‎Then we define the product of two fuzzy strong b-metric spaces‎ ‎defined with same continuous t-norms and show that $X_{1}times X_{2}$ is a‎ ‎complete fuzzy strong b-metric space if and only if $X_{1}$ and $X_{2}$ are‎ ‎complete fu...

In this paper we generalize some classical factorizations of a fuzzy relation into a symmetric component (indifference) and an asymmetric and regular component (regular fuzzy strict preference). From the above notions, we establish two properties of any regular fuzzy strict preference of a max-∗-transitive fuzzy relation, which are then used to obtain new fuzzy versions of Gibbard’s oligarchy t...

In this paper, the notion of cyclic $varphi$-contraction in fuzzymetric spaces is introduced and a fixed point theorem for this typeof mapping is established. Meantime, an example is provided toillustrate this theorem. The main result shows that a self-mappingon a G-complete fuzzy metric space has a unique fixed point if itsatisfies the cyclic $varphi$-contraction. Afterwards, some results inco...

In renewal processes, fuzziness and randomness often coexist intrinsically. Based on the random fuzzy theory, a delayed renewal process with random fuzzy interarrival times is proposed in this paper. Relations between the renewal number and interarrival times in such a process are investigated, and useful theorems such as the elementary renewal theorem, Blackwell renewal theorem and Smith key r...

In this paper we prove that a transitive fuzzy relation R on a set X can be extended to a total transitive fuzzy relation Q on X preserving the irreflexivity of R. This generalizes a classical theorem of Szpilrajn that asserts that any strict order on X can be extended to a total strict order on X . The extension theorem that we obtain will be used in the fuzzy analysis of a classical Richter t...

1. Real Numbers 4 1.1. Approximation of √ 2 4 1.2. Reals, Equality of Reals 5 1.3. The Archimedian Axiom 6 1.4. Nonnegative and Positive Reals 6 1.5. Arithmetical Functions 7 1.6. Comparison of Reals 8 1.7. Non-Countability 11 1.8. Cleaning of Reals 11 2. Sequences and Series of Real Numbers 12 2.1. Completeness 12 2.2. Limits and Inequalities 13 2.3. Series 14 2.4. Redundant Dyadic Representat...

In this paper, we study the existence of solutions of a second-order difference equation with summation boundary value problem at resonance by using intermediate value theorems and Schaefer’s fixed point theorem, we obtain a sufficient condition for the existence of the solution for the problem.

The existence of fixed point in partially ordered sets has been studied and investigated recently in 1–13 and references therein. Since the various contractive conditions are important in metric fixed point theory, there is a trend to weaken the requirement on contractions. Nieto and Rodrı́guez-López in 8, 10 used Tarski’s theorem to show the existence of solutions for fuzzy equations and fuzzy ...