THE photocoagulating beam was studied in the first article of this series. This second article is devoted to the observation system, the essential requirement of which is proper illumination of the fundus. Taking into account that the coagulating beam is already directed towards the patient's eye, it seems obvious that it should also be used for illuminating the fundus. In fact, this has been t...

Measurements of the human ocular fundus in the three spatial dimensions have not been absolute because measuring techniques have used the optical system of the eye as part of the total ophthalmoscopic system. The ophthalmoscopic magnification due to the total dioptric power of an individual eye can vary substantially from that of the average eye. A new method has been developed to form interfer...