Marteau and Hall provide interesting insight into the important links between early life environments, poverty, deleterious health behaviours, and the cognitive abilities used to control such behaviours—the “executive functions.” They suggest that associations between early life exposure to poverty and subsequent reductions in executive functions contribute to health inequalities. They also ack...

Wilson's disease (WD) causes deposition of copper, mainly in the basal ganglia. One consequence of deposition seems to be impairment of executive functions, which could cause problems in decision making. In 30 WD patients and 30 healthy controls (HCs), we examined decision making under risk in the Game of Dice Task, and we assessed working memory and executive functions. WD patients exhibited a...

There are numerous neuropsychological tests for assessing executive functions in aging, which vary according to the different domains assessed. Objective To present a systematic review of the most frequently used instruments for assessing executive functions in older adults with different educational levels in clinical and experimental research. Methods We searched for articles published in...

introduction: drug addiction could lead to severe impairments in executive and neurocognitive functions but study on the impact of hydrochloride heroin on executive functions has remained in infancy in iran. the aim of this study was to examine the relationship between addiction to hydrochloride heroin and executive functioning in several cognitive domains including mental flexibility, abstract...

BACKGROUND An increasing body of research points to a significant association of obesity to Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and deficits in executive functions. There is also preliminary evidence suggesting that children with ADHD may be at risk of obesity in adulthood. DISCUSSION In this article, we discuss the evidence showing that ADHD and/or deficits in executive functions...

In this paper, we propose a preliminary theory of executive functions that address in a specific way their relationship with working memory (WM) and higher-level cognition. It includes: (a) four core on-line WM executive functions that are involved in every novel and complex cognitive task; (b) two higher order off-line executive functions, planning and revision, that are required to resolving ...

Cognitive impairment and depressive symptoms are associated with worse functionality phenotype in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) elderly. The present study aims to investigate the association between the impairment of executive functions and episodic memory, the presence of depressive symptoms with the functionality of these patients. One hundred and eighteen parti...