Two landmark policy interventions to improve the lives of youth through neighborhood mobility-the Gautreaux program in Chicago and the Moving to Opportunity experiments in five cities-have produced conflicting results and created a puzzle with broad implications: Do residential moves between neighborhoods increase or decrease violence, or both? To address this question we analyze data from a su...

In this paper, we explore different conceptualizations for representing neighborhoods in residential location choice models, and describe three alternative ways for constructing operational units to represent neighborhoods. In particular, we examine the possibility of using the census units to represent the hierarchical ‘fixed neighborhood’ definition, and the circular units and network bands t...

In this paper, we explore different conceptualizations to represent neighborhoods in residential location choice models, and describe three alternative ways for constructing operational units to represent neighborhoods. In particular, we examine the possibility of using the census units to represent the hierarchical ‘fixed neighborhood’ definition, and the circular units and network bands to re...

In arid and semi-arid ecosystems, shrubs may act as fertility islands but theireffect may vary depending on their morphology and ecological impacts. This research wasaimed to study effect of three shrubs Scariola orientalis, Astragalus heratensis, and Rosapersica on soil properties and on the microclimate conditions (temperature, luminance, andsoil moisture) of their understory in the steppe ra...

Distance FromHome to theNearest TobaccoOutlet MayNot Reflect the True Accessibility To the Editor In their Original Investigation in a recent issue of JAMA InternalMedicine, Pulakka et al1 examined the association between walking distance from home to the nearest tobacco outlet and smoking cessation and relapse. We noticed several limitations that should be considered. First, Pulakka et al1 sim...

based on a gender equity perspective and within a pluralistic civil society, women should have equal rights for presence in and use of urban open spaces. despite this, various factors decrease their presence including inappropriate design of space, as well as socio-cultural obstacles. since women’s major place of presence and activity has traditionally been in or near home, neighborhood open sp...