The objective of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity potential of aqueous extracts of Nepeta cataria, Fumaria indica, Borago officinalis, Adiantum capillus, Levandula stoeches on HeLa cell line. Leaves of plants were washed with distilled water, dried in shade, grinded to fine powder and stored in airtight container at room temperature in the dark until used. The powdered samples were s...

In situations where native mutualists have become extinct, non-native species may partner with remnant native species. However, non-native mutualists may differ behaviorally from extinct native mutualists. In the case of pollination, novel relationships between natives and non-natives could differ both quantitatively and qualitatively from native–native relationships. In Hawai`i, the non-native...

Sister taxa with distinct phenotypes often occupy contrasting environments in parapatric ranges, yet we generally do not know whether trait divergence reflects spatially varying selection. We conducted a reciprocal transplant experiment to test whether selection favors "native phenotypes" in two subspecies of Clarkia xantiana (Onagraceae), an annual plant in California. For four quantitative tr...

In the current study, complete genome of an isolate cotton leaf curl Gezira virus (CLCuGeV), identified for first time from Malva parviflora in Iraq, was amplified using rolling circle amplification and sequenced. The Iraqi CLCuGeV shared highest nucleotide identity at 98.2% with Israeli clustered isolates Egyptian Cameroon strains phylogenetic analysis.