The finiteness of fossil fuels implies that future electric power systems may predominantly source energy from fuel-free renewable resources like wind and solar. Evidently, these power systems without fuel will be environmentally benign, sustainable, and subject to milder failure scenarios. Many of these advantages were projected decades ago with the definition of the soft energy path, which de...

A portable proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell operates at room temperature, has an energy density which is 4 to 6 times larger than that of a Li-ion battery, and thus is a promising next generation power source for power-hungry portable devices. However, in spite of the high energy density, fuel cells have limited power capacity and cannot respond to sudden changes in the load. Thus, a sy...

the dual fuel engines at part loads inevitably suffer from lower thermal efficiency and higher carbon monoxide and unburned fuel emission. this work is carried out to investigate combustion characteristics of a dual fuel (dieselgas) engine at part loads, using a single zone combustion model with detailed chemical kinetics for combustion of natural gas fuel. the authors developed software in whi...

Alternative energy is any energy source that is an alternative to fossil fuel. These alternatives are intended to address concerns about such fossil fuels. Today, because of the variety of energy choices and differing goals of their advocates, defining some energy types as "alternative" is highly controversial. Most of the recent and existing alternative sources of energy are discussed below. K...

in recent years, using new methods in utilization of energy resources has become necessary due to environmental pollution and restriction of energy resources. the hybrid system presented in this article produced power with sofc and stirling engine. the purpose is to analyze a 50 kw solid oxide fuel cell that could produce enough thermal energy for a 10 kw stirling engine working in the hybrid s...

Xinjiang’s industrial sector accounted for more than 80% of the total energy-related carbon emissions. A further understanding of each industrial sub-sector’s carbon intensity is very necessary to make differentiated policies and measures. This paper applied index decomposition analysis and attribution analysis to examine the influencing factors and each sub-sector’s contributions to the change...

An important building block of a new sustainable energy infrastructure is the transition of the transportation sector from inefficient internal combustion engines towards electric drives. Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are promising power sources since they can generate electricity from the electrochemical oxidation of a fuel, e.g. hydrogen or methanol, which would provide higher ...

In the past few years, the interest in the Direct Methanol Fuel Cell (DMFC) has increased dramatically, as it has very advantageous features as a mobile source of electrical energy. Its fuel methanol is easy to store and to handle and has a high energy density. These advantages over hydrogen-fed PEMFCs (polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells) have resulted in first commercial products (e.g. fr...

overall energy efficiency (oee) is an important indicator of energy consumption in tillage operations. tillage energy was studied objectivity to accurately measure the oee of mf399-4wd tractor. the tractor was equipped with different types of sensors to measure and calibrate the required data including: fuel consumption, actual forward speed, wheel speed and slippage, engine speed, draft and dr...