Various structural alterations of gonadotropins and their receptors (R) contribute to the polymorphism of gonadotropin action. One reason is the microheterogeneity of gonadotropins due to variations in the degree of their glycosylation. This alters the intrinsic bioactivity of gonadotropins, as reflected by changes in their bioactivity to immunoreactivity ratios in various physiological and cli...

Premature Ovarian Failure (POF) defined as functional stop of ovaries before the age of 40. It is a common cause of infertility in women that characterized by primary or secondary amenorrhea, high gonadotropin levels and estrogen level declining in patients. Factors that reduce follicle or defect in the follicle growth stimulating mechanism defined as numerous complication factors that they can...

Background Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is often associated with higher levels of LH, and arrested ovarian follicular growth. The direct impact high LH on FSH mediated metabolic responses in PCOS patients not clearly understood. Method In order to investigate the glucose metabolism preovulatory granulosa cells (GCs), we used [U14C]-2 deoxyglucose, D-[U14C]-glucose or 2-NBD analyse uptake it...

AIM The aim of the study was to investigate the association between follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) gene polymorphism at Position 680 and the outcomes of controlled ovarian hyperstimulation for in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) in infertile women. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred and eight patients under 35 years of age who underwent IVF-ET procedures were incl...

The cause of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a complex endocrine disorder, is unknown, but its familial aggregation implies underlying genetic influences. Hyperandrogenemia is regarded as a major endocrine character of the PCOS. In this study, we employed bisulfite sequencing and bisulfite restriction analysis to investigate the DNA methylation status of LHR, AR, FSHR and H19 in dehydroepiand...

Glycoprotein hormone receptors (GPHR) have a large extracellular domain (ECD) divided into the leucine rich repeat (LRR) domain for binding of the glycoprotein hormones and the hinge region (HinR), which connects the LRR domain with the transmembrane domain (TMD). Understanding of the activation mechanism of GPHRs is hindered by the unknown interaction of the ECD with the TMD and the structural...