Animal pain testing is essential for the development of new analgesic drugs, where appropriate data analyses as well as appropriate multi-factorial design of experiments are necessary to obtain meaningful results in an efficient fashion. The tail withdrawal experiment is one of the pain tests in which a rhesus monkey is restrained in a chair from which its tail hangs free by so it can be immers...

A possible effect of mini-invasive heart intervention on a response of hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal stress axis and conversion of cortisone to cortisol were studied. We have analysed two stress markers levels (cortisol, cortisone) and cortisol/cortisone ratio in 25 sows using minimally invasive heart catheterisation as the stress factor. The values of studied parameters were assessed in four p...

In order to study a possible effect of mini-invasive heart intervention on a response of hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal stress axis, we analyzed four stress markers (cortisol, cortisone, DHEA and DHEAS) in 25 sows using minimally invasive heart catheterisation as the stress factor. The marker levels were assessed in four periods of the experiment, (1) the baseline level on the day before interve...

INTRODUCTION This study was carried out to investigate the effect of 808nm diode laser irradiation on dentinal tubules of root canal wall. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twelve single-rooted teeth were used. After cleaning and shaping with rotary instruments by the crown down technique, the smear layer was removed by alternating irrigation with EDTA and sodium hypochlorite. The teeth were then randoml...

The Friedman equation for the universe with arbitrary curvature (k = 0,±1), filled with mutually noninteracting pressureless dust, radiation, cosmological constant, and strings is considered. We assume the string domination scenario for the evolution of the latter component. Moreover, we discuss the simplest possibility for the scaling of the string energy density: ̺ ∝ R. For such models we writ...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Prediction of intubation difficulty can save patients from major preoperative morbidity or mortality. The purpose of this paper is to assess the correlation between oro-hypo pharynx position, neck size, and length with endotracheal intubation difficulty. The study also explored the diagnostic value of Friedman Staging System in prediction cases with difficult intubation...

5. Friedman GD, Klatsky AL, Siegelaub AB: Lung function and risk of myocardial infarction and sudden cardiac death. N Engl J Med 294: 1071, 1976 6. Mantel N, Haenszel W: Statistical aspects of the analysis of data from retrospective studies of disease. J Natl Cancer Inst 22: 719, 1959 7. Chiang CL: Standard error of the age-adjusted death rate. US DHEW, PHS, Vital Statistics Special Reports. Se...

In this paper we answer a question of Friedman, providing an ω-separable model M of the λβη-calculus. There therefore exists an α-separable model for any α ≥ 0. The model M permits no non-trivial enrichment as a partial order; neither does it permit an enrichment as a category with an initial object. The open term model embeds in M: by way of contrast we provide a model which cannot embed in an...

t is an honor and a pleasure to have this opportunity, on the anniversary of Milton and Rose Friedman's popular classic, Free to Choose, to speak on Milton Friedman's monetary framework and his contributions to the theory and practice of monetary policy. About a year ago, I also had the honor, at a conference at the University of Chicago in honor of Milton's ninetieth birthday, to discuss the c...