background : health policy makers are concerned about protecting people from catastrophic health expenditures and subsequent impoverishment. this study aimed to describe the magnitude and distribution of catastrophic health expenditures in kermanshah western iran. methods : in this descriptive study, during may 2008, 189 households were chosen by “systematic random sampling” among the commu...

The aim of this study was to predict the characteristics of two types of cochlear pressure waves, so-called fast and slow waves, which are generated by vibration of the stapes. A two-dimensional finite-element model of the organ of Corti, including the fluid-structure interaction with the surrounding lymph fluid, was constructed. Using this model, the magnitude and phase of the fast and slow wa...

EURO-CORDEX (Coordinated Downscaling Experiment over Europe), a new generation of downscaled climate projections, has become available for climate change impact studies in Europe. New opportunities arise in the investigation of potential effects of a warmer world on meteorological and hydrological extremes at regional scales. In this work, an ensemble of EURO-CORDEX RCP8.5 scenarios is used to ...

Sediment rating curves (SRCs) constitute a satisfactory deterministic approach to represent the sediment regime in catchments with limited or poor-quality records. Conversely, stochastic approaches like magnitude–frequency analysis have only lately been used directly on This study aims provide insight impact of SRC methodologies assessment discharge (Qs) variability. Three theoretical probabili...

statistical frequency analysis is the most common procedure for the analysis of flood data at a gauged location thatin first step it is needed to select a model to represent the population. among them, the central moment has been themost common and widely used, and with the using of computers, the application of the maximum likelihood hasincreased. this research was carried out in order to reco...

non-fragile observer design is the main problem of this paper. using continuous frequency distribution, the stability conditions based on integer order lyapunov theorem are derived for lipschitz class of nonlinear fractional order systems. the proposed observer is stable beside the existence of both gain perturbation and input disturbance. for the first time, in this paper a systematic method i...