This paper describes Kriya – a new statistical machine translation (SMT) system that uses hierarchical phrases, whichwere first introduced in the Hieromachine translation system (Chiang, 2007). Kriya supports both a grammar extraction module for synchronous context-free grammars (SCFGs) and a CKY-based decoder. There are several re-implementations of Hiero in the machine translation community, ...

Hierarchical phrase-based translation (Hiero for short) models statistical machine translation (SMT) using a lexicalized synchronous context-free grammar (SCFG) extracted from word aligned bitexts. The standard decoding algorithm for Hiero uses a CKY-style dynamic programming algorithm with time complexity O(n3) for source input with n words. Scoring target language strings using a language mod...

We present a novel approach for extracting a minimal synchronous context-free grammar (SCFG) for Hiero-style statistical machine translation using a non-parametric Bayesian framework. Our approach is designed to extract rules that are licensed by the word alignments and heuristically extracted phrase pairs. Our Bayesian model limits the number of SCFG rules extracted, by sampling from the space...

We provide: (1) an independent quantifier-free axiomatization for André’s central translation structures and state a conjecture, which, if true, would show a very strong connection between central translation structures and translation planes; (2) a first-order axiomatization of Everett’s and Permutti’s affine geometries over rings without zero divisors in which any two non-zero elements have a...

We adapt the “hook” trick for speeding up bilexical parsing to the decoding problem for machine translation models that are based on combining a synchronous context free grammar as the translation model with an n-gram language model. This dynamic programming technique yields lower complexity algorithms than have previously been described for an important class of translation models.

this study was conducted to identify and compare the strategies applied by two native farsi translators in rendering the culture specific items (csis) of a literary text titled savushun in their english translations. in this study, csis refer to the materials, social customs, religious concepts, and traditions available in one language and culture but nonexistent in the other language and cultu...

Probabilistic synchronous context-free grammar (PSCFG) translation models define weighted transduction rules that represent translation and reordering operations via nonterminal symbols. In this work, we investigate the source of the improvements in translation quality reported when using two PSCFG translation models (hierarchical and syntax-augmented), when extending a state-of-the-art phraseb...

MOTIVATION It is well accepted that the 3' end of 16S rRNA is directly involved in prokaryotic translation initiation by pairing with the Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence, which is located in the ribosome-binding site of mRNA. According to Shine and Dalgarno, Escherichia coli 's 5' UTR has the pattern of 'AGGAGG' (SD sequence), which is complementary to the 3' end sequence of 16S rRNA. In this work...

setting standards for translation assessment has usually been problematic for authorities, theoreticians, and most commonly instructors. it is often difficult to tell the difference between translation evaluation, criticism, and assessment due to hardships of bridging the gap between theory and practice. the aim of this study was to create a rubric against which translations could be assessed. ...

Bestvina, Feighn and Handel proved that every subgroup of the outer automorphism group, Out(Fn), free group rank n is either virtually finitely generated abelian or contains a nonabelian group. In this note we consider more general situation Out(G) free-by-finite G. We show translation discrete