We investigate the existence of and explicitly characterize compensation structures that eliminate agency conflicts between a leveraged firm (or its shareholders) and the manager due to managerial asset substitution within a continuous time framework. The manager may dynamically switch between two strategies with different risks and expected returns after debt is in place. We show that when the...

The cash flow statement is the third principal financial statement in a corporate financial report. It presents the cash inflows and outflows for the period, together with certain net cash flow subtotals, foremost being net cash flow from operating activities (henceforth NCFO). Under the cash flow statement classification rules of both the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB Statement No...

business is business! And business must grow –Dr. Seuss, The Lorax The paper investigates the agency argument that sales growth in firms with free cash flow (and without strong governance) is less profitable than sales growth for firms without free cash flow. It also tests whether strong governance conditions improve the performance of firms with free cash flow and/or limit the investments in u...

This study examines the rounding phenomenon in operating cash flows for firms listed three major U.S. stock exchanges (i.e., New York Stock Exchange, NASDAQ, and American Exchange) Over-the-Counter (OTC) market. It finds that round￾up earnings, but they do not round-up flows; while OTC market both earnings flows. Overall, results from this provide consistent evidence have incentives to round up...