The last Brazilian guidelines on melanoma were published in 2002. Development in diagnosis and treatment made updating necessary. The coordinators elaborated ten clinical questions, based on PICO system. A Medline search, according to specific MeSH terms for each of the 10 questions was performed and articles selected were classified from A to D according to level of scientific evidence. Based ...

Cutaneous melanoma has been classified into three distinct histological subtypes based on histopathological and clinical features. The incidence of the least common type, lentigo maligna melanoma, has been most strongly associated with chronic sunlight exposure as its cause, especially lesions presenting on the face area. The relationship of sunlight exposure to the other two major subtypes, su...

The aims of this study were to determine the clinical and histological characteristics of melanoma in transplant recipients, the mutation profile (BRAF, NRAS and c-KIT genes), and the immune tolerance of the tumour microenvironment by immunohistochemical study of the expression of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), PD1, PD-L1, CD8 and FoxP3. The study population comprised patients who had under...

A lipoma is a common benign tumor of mesenchymal origin that can arise in any location where fat is normally present, with incidence of approximately 16% of all mesenchymal tumors. However, submuscular lipomas under the pectoralis major muscle are rare. And, because lipomas tend to be small, large lipomas are specifically called ‘giant lipoma.’ Giant lipoma is defined as a lipoma that is greate...

A single-center, cross-sectional, longitudinal study was conducted to determine the prevalence, annual incidence, and clinical risk factors for skin cancer in a white renal transplant population. One hundred eighty-two white patients (95% of population) with functioning allografts, a mean age at transplantation of 38.9 +/- 15. 6 (SD) years, and a mean follow-up of 8.5 +/- 6.3 years were intervi...

OBJECTIVE To determine whether, in the era of sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy, head and neck melanoma (HNM) has a poorer outcome than melanomas at other sites (OMS). DESIGN Prospective database, 1994 to 2004. Characteristics and outcomes of patients with HNM vs those with OMS were analyzed by Fisher test, paired t test, and chi(2) test. SETTING Tertiary referral center. PATIENTS A total ...

BACKGROUND Lentigo maligna (LM) is a form of melanoma in situ most often seen in white patients on sun-exposed areas, primarily the head and neck. Spread of LM onto the conjunctiva has been reported. There have been no reports of LM extending onto oral mucosa. OBSERVATIONS We report 4 cases of LM in white women with contiguous spread from perioral areas to oral mucosa. The locations of the pr...

OBJECTIVE To compare the prognosis of patients with scalp or neck (scalp/neck) melanomas with that of patients with melanomas at other sites in a large, population-based national data set controlling for known prognostic factors. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study using US cancer registries that constitute the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results 13 Registries (SEER-13) database. PATI...

OBJECTIVE Malignant melanoma accounts for nearly 75% of all skin cancer deaths, and the incidence is on the rise in the United States. External ear melanoma (EEM) is rare, and there is little long-term data regarding the clinical behavior of this melanoma site. This study analyzes the demographic, clinicopathologic, and survival characteristics of EEM. METHODS The SEER database was queried fo...

BACKGROUND Cutaneous melanomas have been hypothesized to arise through different pathways according to phenotype, body site, and sun exposure. To further test this hypothesis, we explored associations between phenotype and melanoma at different sites using a case-case comparative approach. METHODS Melanoma patients (n = 762) aged 18 to 79 years and diagnosed from 2007 to 2010 were ascertained...