The brittle portion of the Earth’s lithosphere contains a distribution of joints, faults and cataclastic zones that exist on a wide range of scale-lengths and usually have complex geometries including bends, jogs, and intersections. The material around these complexities is subjected to large stress concentrations, which lead during continuing deformation to the generation of new fracture and g...

To investigate the putative role of the photoreceptor connecting cilium in the delivery of opsin to forming discs and in the maintenance of membrane domains (Besharse, J. C., and K. H. Pfenninger (1980) J. Cell Biol. 87: 451-463), we have studied developing photoreceptors of neonatal rats during the period of initial disc formation using conventional freeze-fracture, immunocytochemistry, and le...

Background and purpose - The loss of bone mineral in the proximal femur following hip arthroplasty may increase the fracture risk around uncemented stems. We hypothesized that the surgical approach to the hip might influence bone mineral changes around the femoral stem in patients with a femoral neck fracture (FNF). Patients and methods - This was a pre-specified subgroup analysis (n = 51) of a...

BACKGROUND A second staged operation using temporary bridging external fixation (TBEF) has been widely used in patients with periarticular complex fracture, yet few papers have been published on the related complications. The purpose of this study was to report the complication rate and pitfalls directly related to TBEF through a retrospective study and to suggest some solutions. METHODS Fift...

INTRODUCTION Indirect reduction of dia-/metaphyseal fractures with minimally invasive implant application bridges the fracture zone in order to protect the soft-tissue and blood supply. The goal of this fixation strategy is to allow stable motion at the fracture site to achieve indirect bone healing with callus formation. However, concerns have arisen that the high axial stiffness and eccentric...

A traction-displacement relationship that may be embedded into a cohesive zone model for microscale problems of intergranular fracture is extracted from atomistic molecular-dynamics simulations. A molecular-dynamics model for crack propagation under steady-state conditions is developed to analyze intergranular fracture along a flat Σ99 [1 1 0] symmetric tilt grain boundary in aluminum. Under hy...

Reinjection has posed a major problem in the operation of the Hellisheidi Power Plant, SWIceland. The formation temperature at the originally planned reinjection zone proved to be very hot (>300°C) when injection wells were drilled there. In order to be able to use that zone for production a new reinjection zone was planned. The new zone has been promising despite problems in operating the new ...

dissimilar metals friction welding of austenitic–martensitic stainless steels is commonly used in order to manufacture engine valves in the automobile industry. in this study, x53crmnnin219 (austenitic stainless steel) and x45crsi93 (martensitic stainless steel) valve steel rods were welded by friction welding process. the welded joint was then heat treated at 760 0c for 60 min. mechanical prop...

Limiting dome height (LDH) tests were used to evaluate the formability of laser butt welded blanks of the dual phase 980 steel in comparison with the base metal. Two different lasers were used: diode and Nd:YAG, giving a wide range of welding thermal cycles. A sharp decrease in LDH was observed in the welded specimens due to the formation of a softened zone in the outer heat affected zone. Soft...