BACKGROUND The number of elderly patients with maxillofacial trauma is rapidly increasing due to active lifestyles and longevity. Shimane prefecture has the fastest growing proportion of elderly individuals in Japan. The aim of this study was to reveal the distinctive features and treatment modes of mandibular fracture treatment mode in patients requiring hospitalization at the Department of Or...

The excellent mechanical properties of natural biomaterials have attracted intense attention from researchers with focus on the strengthening and toughening mechanisms. Nevertheless, no material is unconquerable under sufficiently high load. If fracture is unavoidable, constraining the damage scope turns to be a practical way to preserve the integrity of the whole structure. Recent studies on b...

Previous studies have computed and modeled fluid flow through fractured rock with the parallel plate approach where the volumetric flow per unit width normal to the direction of flow is proportional to the cubed aperture between the plates, referred to as the traditional cubic law. When combined with the square root relationship of displacement to length scaling of opening-mode fractures, total...

We present a contribution on the risk of hydraulic fracturing in CO2 geological storage using an analytical model of hydraulic fracturing in weak formations. The work is based on a MohrCoulomb dislocation model that is extended to account for material with fracture toughness. The complete slip process that is distributed around the crack tip is replaced by superdislocations that are placed in t...

INTRODUCTION Microdamage has been cited as an important component of bone quality [1]. Microdamage could affect fracture risk in bone by providing fracture initiation sites, or by decreasing the mechanical integrity of the trabecular network. However, the effects of microdamage are difficult to detect in large populations, because they are much smaller than those of density and architecture [2]...

This work included two separate studies; the common theme in each was the use of mode-I fracture testing to evaluate wood adhesion. In the first study, mode-I fracture testing was used to compare the thermal stability of polyurethane (PUR) and resorcinol-formaldehyde (RF) wood adhesives. Bonded specimens for both adhesives were subjected to prolonged thermal exposure, and fracture testing was s...

Foam core sandwich composites are finding a wider breadth of use in aerospace, automotive, and construction applications. These structures present unique challenges in terms of material failure and interaction and are highly sensitive to damage and imperfections introduced during manufacturing. An emerging class of 3D Fiber Reinforced Foam Core (3DFRFC) aims to replace monolithic foams used in ...

Mechanisms for fatigue crack closure under plane strain conditions have recently been identified at very low (near-threshold) stress intensities in terms of effects of excess corrosion deposits or fracture surface roughness in promoting premature closure of the crack. In the present paper, a geometric model is presented for crack closure induced by fracture surface roughness. This model specifi...

Introduction Various compounds are being sought to increase fracture healing and enhance the healing rate. The closed femoral fracture in rats is a model commonly used to assess the efficacy of a compound for healing. This model is considered as a presumably stabilized fracture healing process. In a normal fracture healing process, there are 4 stages, i.e., inflammatory reaction and hematoma im...

‘Curving’ could occur in Mode I brittle fracture and it can be attributed to the constraint. The variation of the apparent fracture toughness with constraint with or without crack curving is investigated. Using a critical opening or hoop stress as the fracture criterion, it is demonstrated that a fracture event can be quantified by two mechanics parameters, i.e. K and A3 for fracture without cu...