An important task in the life of bacteria is to influence their environment, which for commensal, symbiotic, and pathogenic bacteria also includes their hosts. This is done primarily by secreting various sets of proteins (effectors), either simply to the outside environment or directly into host cells. This task is performed by specialized secretion systems that are complex, multiprotein molecu...

2122 CLINICAL CHEMISTRY, Vol. 32, No. 11, 1986 variance with the observations of Hendriks et al. On occasion the RA-1000 prints no result; this happens for ACE activities at the lower end of the reference interval. Machine malfunction was ruled out, because the instrument was checked for optimal performance, including lamp efficiency. With problems such as poor precision, no print, and inapprop...

The spokes are intermittently appearing radial markings in Saturn's B ring that are believed to form when micrometer-sized dust particles are levitated above the ring by electrostatic forces. First observed by the Voyagers, the spokes disappeared from October 1998 until September 2005, when the Cassini spacecraft saw them reappear. The trajectories of the charged dust particles comprising the s...

In the field of schizophrenia research, as in other areas of psychiatry, there is a sense of frustration that greater advances have not been made over the years, calling into question existing research strategies. Arguably, many purported gains claimed by research have been "lost in translation," resulting in limited impact on diagnosis and treatment in the clinical setting. There are exception...