The interaction between the Earth’s carbon cycle and climate change remains a top element of uncertainty within climate change projections. In order to better understand this relationship, carbon cycle scientists use a variety of modeling and observational tools to disassemble the many fluxes and reservoirs that constitute the global carbon cycle. In addition to advancing the scientific underst...

Domestic sea transport is critical to all aspects of life in the Pacific, providing access to markets and health and education services, as well as enabling cultural and social connectivity. Current sea transport services are entirely dependent upon use of increasingly expensive fossil fuels. Whilst there has been increasing research on international shipping, very little focus has been given t...

Swiss dairy products are globally sought after but their production requires relatively large amounts of process heat, often generated from oil and gas. Low-carbon electricity- biomass-based solutions exist were regarded as economically not viable in the past. Therefore, we evaluate economic viability low-carbon technologies for industry scenarios low high fossil fuel prices Europe, its sensiti...

We empirically analyze convergence of European producer and consumer prices for diesel fuel and investigate the role of excise taxation. By comparing the speed of convergence of prices and taxes we find a surprisingly fast speed of convergence for consumer prices. While this can in part be explained by fuel tourism, the main driving force is producer price dynamics. Tax convergence contributes ...

president, turned up in Cannes last month to promote his new documentary on the dangers of global warming, amid speculation that he may stage a political comeback on the basis of an issue which is increasingly dividing George Bush's administration and the Democrat opposition in the face of rising fuel prices. He arrived in France to showcase An Inconvenient Truth, a film that issues alarming pr...

This paper examined the impact of fossil fuel price and carbon dioxide (CO2) emission on renewable energy, using a sample 14 Asian developing countries from years 2000 to 2018. Fossil prices, mainly those crude oil coal, are positively related energy capacity. CO2 is also positive driver, indicating significance environmental concern. The results were consistent for both upper-middle-income low...

This paper investigates interfuel substitution in the UK manufacturing sector. Econometric models of inter-fuel substitution are applied to energy inputs aggregated by their energy use, and separately for thermal heating processes, where interfuel substitution is technologically feasible. Compared to aggregate data, estimated own-price fuel demand elasticities for all fuels and cross-price elas...

Pacific Economic Bulletin Volume 24 number 3 october 2009 © the australian national university Fiji is totally dependent on imported fossil fuel for its transport sector and options for alternative motor fuels are limited. In the past, when petroleum prices soared, there were discussions at various levels about alternatives. These discussions might have been sporadic but the seriousness of the ...

Recent environmental regulations have used market incentives to reduce compliance costs and improve efficiency. In most cases, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) selects an emissions cap using the predicted costs of reducing pollution. The EPA and other economists have used a "bottom-up" approach to predict the costs of such regulations, which forecast how every affected firm will respon...

[1] Historical changes of black carbon (BC) and particulate organic matter (POM) emissions from biomass burning (BB) and fossil fuel (FF) burning are estimated from 1870 to 2000. A bottom-up inventory for open vegetation (OV) burning is scaled by a top-down estimate for the year 2000. Monthly and interannual variations are derived over the time period from 1979 to 2000 based on the TOMS satelli...