years ago 1). So, a word of self-introduction is in order. Back in the summer of 1960, while interning at Grumman Aircraft, I was assigned to learn the new language Fortran so that I could program the company's brand-new IBM 704. The rules of engagement were arcane—you wrote out the program on an official IBM programmer's pad, submitted it to the keypunch operators, and (if the Force were with ...

The Fortran (FORmula TRANslating) computer language was the result of a project begun by John Backus at IBM in 1954. The goal of this project was to provide a way for programmers to express mathematical formulas through a formalism that computers could translate into machine instructions. Initially there was a great deal of skepticism about the efficacy of such a scheme. “How,’’ the scientists ...

This paper describes the fortran program rhad which performs a numerical evaluation of the photon-induced hadronic R-ratio, R(s), related to the cross section for electron-positron annihilation, for a given center-of-mass energy √ s. In rhad the state-of-the-art perturbative corrections to R(s) are implemented and the running and decoupling of the strong coupling constant and the quark masses i...

An unsaturated soil constitutive model considering the influence of microscopic pore structure can more accurately describe hydraulic–mechanical behavior soil, but its numerical implementation is complicated. Based on fully implicit Euler backward integration algorithm, ABAQUS software used to develop established hydro-mechanical coupling for micro-pore structure, and a new User-defined Materia...