The drawbeads in stamping tools are usually designed based on experience from the forming of steel. However, aluminium alloys display different forming behaviour to steels, which is not reflected in the drawbead design for tools used for stamping aluminium. This paper presents experimental results from different semi-circular drawbead geometries commonly encountered in automotive dies and compa...

Although several proteins have been implicated in secretory vesicle tethering, the identity and mechanical properties of the components forming the physical vesicle-plasma membrane link remain unknown. Here we present the first experimental measurements of nanomechanical properties of secretory vesicle-plasma membrane tethers using combined AFM force clamp and TIRF microscopy on membrane sheets...

Forming coalitions is a generic means for cooperation: people, robots, web services, resources, firms, they can all improve their performance by joining forces. The use of coalitions has been successful in domains such as task allocations, sensor networks, and electronic marketplaces. Forming efficient coalitions requires the identification of matching synergies between different entities (find...

With damage tolerance rivalling advanced engineering alloys and thermoplastic forming capabilities analogous to conventional plastics, metallic glasses are emerging as a modern engineering material. Here, we take advantage of their unique electrical and rheological properties along with the classic Lorentz force concept to demonstrate that electromagnetic coupling of electric current and a magn...

In the current work, cup drawing experiments with laser assistance are presented where only selected areas of the work piece have been heated up. Since the strongest deformations occur at the outer circumference of the blank, only that area has been heated up by a defocused laser beam. Selective laser heating of the work pieces was performed by diode as well as Nd:YAG laser radiation. The formi...

Force magnitudes have been suggested to drive the structural response of bone to exercise. As importantly, the degree to which any given bone can adapt to functional challenges may be enabled, or constrained, by regional variation in the capacity of marrow progenitors to differentiate into bone-forming cells. Here, we investigate the relationship between bone adaptation and mesenchymal stem cel...

Both proteins and polysaccharides are biopolymers present on a bacterial surface that can simultaneously affect bacterial adhesion. To better understand how the combined presence of proteins and polysaccharides might influence bacterial attachment, adhesion forces were examined using atomic force microscopy (AFM) between colloids (COOH- or protein-coated) and polymer-coated surfaces (BSA, lysoz...

The asymmetric unit of the title complex, (C(10)H(10)N(4))(C(10)H(9)N(4))[W(CN)(8)]·2H(2)O, contains two 4,4'-diazenediyldipyridinium, [H(2)(4,4'-azpy)](2+), two 4-(4-pyridyldiazen-yl)pyridinium, [H(4,4'-azpy)](+), cations, two [W(V)(CN)(8)](3-) anions, and four uncoordinated water mol-ecules. Each of the W centers is coordinated by eight CN groups in a slightly distorted square-anti-prismatic ...

Studies of the denaturation of proteins indicate certain characteristics of the forces which normally constrain them in their native chain conformations. In the case of bovine pancreatic ribonuclease, the description of the noncovalent bonds involved has taken on heightened interest following the recent report by White (1) that the integrity of the 4 disulfide bonds does not appear to be prereq...

the aim of present study was to investigate the effect of individual and co-inoculation of trichoderma species and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (amf) on growth, mycorrhization, population of trichoderma, and wilt disease severity in pigeon pea (cajanus cajan l millsp). three species of trichoderma, namely, t. harzianum (th), t. virens (tr), and t. viride (tv) and consortium of amf (myc; mixture...