introduction: previously, we demonstrated that i.p. injection of aqueous extract prepared from aerial parts of drosera spatulata (droseraceae) can induced remarkable analgesia in both phases of formalin test in rats. because, analgesia induced in acute phase of formalin test mainly mediated by activation of central analgesic mechanisms and also paragigantocellularis (pgi) nucleus is part of bra...

BACKGROUND Rhodiola rosea (golden root) is a unique phytoadaptagen with immunomodulatory, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activity. AIM The aim of this study was to evaluate the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of the alcohol/water extract of Rhodiola rosea roots in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty male Wistar rats were used in the study. They were divided ...

In the present study, the effects of intracuneiformis nucleus microinjection of gamma-aminobutyric acidA (GABAA) receptor agonist and antagonist on antinociception inducced by morphine were investigated with formalin test in rat. Intracuneiformis nucleus microinjection of morphine (10µgr/rat) and Bicuculline (50, 100 ng/rat) induced antinociception in the both first and second phases of formali...

In this study, IP administration of acetaminophen and its half-life were investigated. Acetaminophen as an analgesic drug ordinarily is used in tablets or syrup form. Therefore, there is no report about administration of acetaminophen through injection. Acetaminophen in ED50 dose (200 mg/kg) was injected into the animals intraperitoneally, and its analgesic effect was investigated by formalin t...

Studies have shown that N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors play a critical role in pain processing at different levels of the central nervous system. In this study, we used female adult Wistar rats to examine the effects of antagonizing the NR2B subunit of the NMDA receptor in phasic and tonic pain processes. All the rats underwent stereotaxic surgery for cortical cannula implantation and af...

Orexin, mainly produced by orexin-expressing neurons in the lateral hypothalamus (LH), plays an important role in pain modulation. Moreover, it is shown that the nucleus accumbens (NAc) is one of the important areas involved in this modulation. Orexin-1 (OX1) and orexin-2 (OX2) receptors are densely distributed in the NAc. The study investigated the involvement of OX1 receptors in the NAc on an...

Background and Objective: Recent studies have shown that anticholinergic alkaloids compounds have strong analgesic effects. Due to presence of anticholinergic alkaloids in Hyoscyamus niger and its mentioned effects in Iranian traditional medicine, its analgesic effects were assessed. At first, acute and chronic pain thresholds in male NMRI rats with formalin test was evaluated, then oral and in...

Dehydrocorydaline (DHC) is an alkaloidal component isolated from Rhizoma corydalis. Previous studies have shown that DHC has anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor effects and that it can protect the cardiovascular system. However, there are few studies of the antinociceptive effects of DHC in vivo. This study explored the antinociceptive effects and possible mechanisms of DHC in mice using two infla...

OBJECTIVES Analgesic effects of oxytocin and it's the other physiological effects were well-known. The aim of present study was determination of nitric oxide role on analgesic effects of oxytocin in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS 216 male Albino mice were divided randomly into two experimental groups, tail flick and formalin test. Each experimental group consists of three main groups including: ...