Natural language semantics has recently sought to combine the complementary strengths of formal and distributional approaches meaning. However, given fundamentally different ‘representational currency’ underlying these approaches—models world versus linguistic co-occurrence—their unification proven extremely difficult. Here, we define Distributional Formal Semantics, which integrates distributi...

Optimization can make at least two contributions to boolean logic. Its solution methods can address inference and satisfiability problems, and its style of analysis can reveal tractable classes of boolean problems that might otherwise have gone unnoticed. They key to linking optimization with logic is to provide logical formulas a numerical interpretation or semantics. While syntax concerns the...

Control sentences have been extensively studied in the linguistic literature and semantic analysis of control has been proposed in the context of different linguistic theories. However, split control sentences, in which the subject and the object can both contribute to the meaning of the understood subject, haven’t received a comprehensive formal semantic analysis. In particular, in LFG and the...

in spite of the fact that paradox as an unknown literary device has largely been ignored, it has been a source of amazement and, consequently, aesthetic joy due to deviation from norm, ambiguity, the saliency of meaning, and laconism. one of the subtle points receiving little attention in arabic literature, especially in nahjol balaghah, is the study of paradoxical elements. the most significan...

The problem of determining intended meaning is a key topic in the study of linguistic processes. This paper is part of a research that attempts to answer the question: how do agents involved in a linguistic controversy determine the intended meaning of a sentence? The main thesis of the research is that the determination of meaning is driven by agents’ situational interests. The process is anal...

Introduction It is now possible to employ a fully communicative approach to language teaching while at the same time attending to grammatical structure, but only if one can decisively abandon a mindset in which structure consists of rules governing form only and fully adopt instead a view that structure consists of forms that encode meanings, which speakers choose in order to communicate messag...

The liansition to formal mathematical thinking involves the use of quantified statements as definitions from which fmther properties are consliucted by formal deduction Om quest in this article is to consider how students construct meaning for these quantified statements. Dubinsky and his colleagues (Dubinsky et al, 1988) suggest that the process occms through reflective abstraction, in which a...

This article places the conceptual artist Gordon Matta-Clark in conversation with hermeneutical debates within field of theological aesthetics. By exploring transformative effect Matta-Clark’s Splitting evokes on spatially related categories, I argue that place is a locus meaning, and absence constitutive feature meaning. The hermeneutics at play have set formal features which accord certain po...

This research was mainly aimed at finding out the visual and non-visual element their meanings in Bali Safari Park brochure. The brochure chosen because there were various types of pictures texts. data collected by reading that note taking from using observation method. method used analyzing a descriptive presenting formal symbols, or images to illustrate phenomena found data. result this showe...