This manuscript explores the state’s political use of the past and the function of history education in political transition and foreign relations. Modern historical consciousness in China is largely characterized by the ‘‘one hundred years of humiliation’’ from mid-1800s to mid1900s when China was attacked, bullied, and torn asunder by imperialists. This research focuses initially on how such ...

The worldwide practice demonstrates that foreign policy of the states is often directed by a some set strategic priorities referred to as strategy. By communicating this strategy, declare their intentions and prime concerns, which both aid internal integrity international perception consistent actor. Modern technology media enable conduct systematic outreach or at least sporadically cover prior...

Abstract Covert action has long been a controversial tool of international relations. However, there is remarkably little public understanding about whether it works and, more fundamentally, what constitutes success in this shadowy arena state activity. This article distills competing criteria and examines how covert actions become perceived as successes. We develop conceptual model social cons...

islam is a comprehensive school and covering some doctrine out of time and placefocusing on the issue of foreign policy as a matter of fundamental importanceattention. explaining the behavioral norms of islam in general subject of foreignpolicy, in particular in the most perfect expression in the teachings of the quran andis manifested in the tradition of the household. accordingly, by descript...